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Protein 20% of
Fats
Carbohydrates
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Importance of water
1. Water is a major component of cells
In most organisms, almost 80% of body
is made up of water.
Cytoplasm is water solution, 90% of
cytoplasm is water.
The spaces between cells are filled with a
watery liquid.
2. Water is a solvent
Many chemicals can be dissolved in
water.
In water, these chemicals can react in
metabolism.
3. Water is transport medium
Plasma, the liquid part of blood, makes
substances dissolved in it and move
around the body.
Water help us to get rid of the waste
product urea from body in urine.
Carbohydrates
Molecule
formula:
C6H12O6
6 carbon
atoms joined
in a ring with
hydrogen
and oxygen
atoms
pointing out
from the
ring.
Glucose
Structure formula
Maltose
Simple sugar molecules join together to
make a complex sugar.
Sucrose and maltose are called
disaccharide.
Fats (Lipids)
Fats made of glycerol and fatty acids.
Fats contain only three kinds of atom,
which are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
A fat molecule is made of four molecules
joined together. (one glycerol and 3 fatty
acids)
Fats are insoluble in water.
Fats that are liquid at room temperature
are called oils.
Proteins
Protein molecules not only contain carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen, but also contain
nitrogen and small amounts of sulfur.
Protein molecules are made of smaller
molecules, amino acids.
There are about 20 different kinds of
amino acids.
Amino acids are joined end to end to form
a protein.
Amino
acid
H2Namino
group
( )
-COOH
carboxyl
group
( )
Main functions
of Proteins
Proteins are
normally not used to
provide energy.
Proteins in food are
broken down to
amino acids, which
are then used in
cells for making new
proteins to keep our
growth and repair.