Hamza Qureshi

Ahmed Iqbal
Hassan Faroq
Syed Shahzaib Ali

Introduction
History
The bridge
The railway
The tunnel
Conclusion

ORESUND BRIDGE
The Oresund is an engineering marvel that connects the Danish
capital of Copenhagen to the Swedish city of Malm.
A cable-stayed bridge runs nearly 7.8 km to an artificial island
where it transitions into a tunnel that runs another 3.5 km. The
award-winning double-track railway and motorway opened on
July 1, 2000.

Malmo

Copenhage
n
16 kilometers

Sweden
Denmark

Oresund Strait

3,510 meter
1

4,055
meter

7,845 meters
Peberholm

The Oresund was designed by the Danish engineering firm

COWI and the main architect was George K.S. R. The
bridge and tunnel run across the Oresund strait and is jointly
operated by the neighbouring states from both countries. To
use the Oresund you must pay a toll(Ticket).
43 Euros for a car
While a motorcycle needs a 23 Euros ticket.
For buses 206 Euros per ticket!

 The concept of a bridge over the Oresund was first formally proposed in
1936 by a consortium of engineering firms who proposed a national
motorway network for Denmark.
The idea was dropped during World War II but picked up again thereafter
and studied in significant detail in various Danish-Swedish government
commissions through the 1950s and 60s.
The governments of Denmark and Sweden eventually signed an agreement
to build a fixed link in 1973.However, that project was cancelled in 1978
due to the economic situation.

 As the economic situation improved in the 1980s, interest

continued and the governments signed a new agreement in
1991.
In 1991, the Danish and Swedish governments signed an
agreement to establish a fixed link across the Oresund.
In September 1993, the first turf was cut

 August 1995, Work on the coast-coast link begins with

dredging operations in Oresund.
April 1, 1997: The first of the two foundations for the high
bridge pylons are towed from Malm to the bridge alignment
and lowered into a 17 m deep trench excavated in the sea bed.
August 8, 1997: The first of the 20 tunnel elements are towed
from the factory at Copenhagens North Harbour to where they
are lowered into the dredged tunnel trench.

August 14, 1999: As the final bridge section is placed in position, the link
between Denmark and Sweden becomes a reality.
December 1, 1999: The final section of the railway between Copenhagen and
Malm is placed in position.
June 9 12, 2000: The resund Bridge opens to the public. Hundreds of
thousands of people cycle, run or walk across the link during the special Open
Bridge days.

 July 1, 2000: Inauguration of the Oresund Bridge

July 1, 2016: The Oresund Bridge celebrates its Sixteenth

anniversary.

Historic Milestone
July 1, 2000: Inauguration of the Oresund Bridge
July 1, 2016: The Oresund Bridge celebrates its Sixteenth
anniversary.

 The whole project consisted of the construction of a bridge, a tunnel

and an artificial island between the two countries that stretched 16km
approximately.
The tunnel construction contract had a value of 3.98 billion dollars.
The contract for the artificial island had a value of 1.4 billion dollars.
The contract for the construction of the high bridge with the
motorway on the upper level and the railway on the lower level had a
value of 6.3 billion dollars.
But the actual cost for the Oresund Connection, including motorway
and railway connections on land, was 30.1 billion dollars according
to the 2000 year price

 Due to the sensitive marine environment in the area double

approval had to be granted from both governments.
The bridge ensured that the flow of water, salt and oxygen
would not be altered by more than 0.5 percent... bridge lighting
has been designed to avoid direct illumination of the water
surface so as not to deter fish Bridge illumination is minimised
during bird migration seasons to reduce the risk of distracting
birds and potentially acting as an obstacle.

 The bridge has reduced the total air pollution due to transport
by almost 50 percent, Prior to the project, ferries that produced
a large amount of air pollution Over US$ 300 million was
spent on environmental protection measures during
construction. In 1992 the Danish and Swedish authorities
concluded that all environmental requirements related to the
construction of the bridge had been fulfilled.

 to improve transport links in northern Europe, from Hamburg

to Malmo;

Malmo

 Regional development around the Oresund

connecting the two largest cities of the region

Malmo

Copenhage
n
16 kilometers

Sweden
Denmark

Oresund Strait

 At 7,845 m , the bridge covers half the distance between

Sweden and the Danish island of Amager,
the border between the two countries being 5.3 km from the
Swedish end.
The structure has a mass of 82,000 tonnes and
It supports two railway tracks beneath four road lanes in a
horizontal girder extending along the entire length of the
bridge.

Suspension
bridge
Deck

Main cable

Cables

equal number on both sides

arp system)

Various point
on the tower

 Due to high longitudinal and transverse

loads acting over the bridge and to
accommodate movements between the
superstructure and substructure, it
has BEARINGS.
The
design,
manufacturing and were carried out by
the SWISS CIVIL
ENGINEERING firm MAGEBA.

VIBRATION ISSUES, caused by

several cables in the bridge moving
under certain wind and temperature
conditions, were combated with the
installation of
COMPRESSION
SPRING DAMPERS installed in pairs

Total lenght: 7 845

m

Total lenght: 7 845

M

Suspended lenght: 1
092 m

Longest span:
490 m

Total lenght: 7 845

M

Longest span:
490 m

Suspended lenght: 1
092 m

Width: 23.5 m,
for 4 lanes of
traffic

Total lenght: 7 845

M

Longest span:
490 m

Suspended lenght: 1
092 m
Width: 23.5 m

Pylon height:
203.5 m
Clearance
below: 57
m

vibrat
or

prob
e

concr
ete
pipe
driver

ski
p

trepan

frame
s

15 meters

20 meters

80 meters
9 500 N

30 meters

80 meters

Bridge deck section

The rail section is double track

standard gauge (1435 mm)
and capable of high-speeds
exceeding 200 km/h.

Rail lines are operated by

Swedish and Danish Railways.
Trains operate EVERY 20 mins,
once an hour during the night, in
both directions. The line is
SIGNALED according to the
standard SWEDISH system
across the length of the BRIDGE.
On PEBERHOLM the line
switches to DANISH
SIGNALING, which continues
into the TUNNEL.

The rail section is DOUBLE

TRACk STANDARD
GUAGE and capable of speed of
up to 200 km /hr (120 mph),
slower in Denmark, especially in
the tunnel section. There were
challenges related to the
difference
in electrification and signaling
between the Danish and Swedish
railway networks.

 The man-made island of Peberholm links the

bridge and tunnel. The island was constructed
from material dredged from the seabed and most
of the 4 km tunnel was built by concrete elements
cast on land and towed out and lowered into a
dredged trench.

The island connects the bridge and tunnel

of the Oresund link

Peberholm

The bridge joins Drogden

tunnel on the ARTIFICIAL
ISLAND Peberholm is built
from Swedish rock and the
soil dredged up during the
bridge and tunnel
construction, approximately
4 km long with an average
width of 500 m .

The tube tunnel is made from

20 prefabricated reinforced
concrete segments the most
massive in the world at 55,000
tons each Two tubes in the
tunnel carry railway tracks;
two more carry roads.

10m
40m
8.6m

Built:

1993 - 2000

Structural Type:

Immersed
tube tunnel

Function / usage:

Railroad
tunnel
Road tunnel

length of immersed tube tunnel

section

3 510 m

number of tunnel units

20

tunnel unit weight

55 000 T

Quantities used in construction

concrete volume

660 000 m3

reinforcing steel

20 000 T

Heavy water-proof bulk heads

The precast reinforced concrete units were 8m high, 40m wide and 175m
long and they weighed 55,000 metric tons.

The units floating in the flooded dry dock

at Oresund,
prior to being towed out.

Precast reinforced
concrete units

The units under tow on their way

to their final placing.

The precast reinforced concrete units

The unit suspended over the dredged trench with the tugs holding
the unit in position, ready for lowering to the sea bed.

 It increased the COMMUNICATION between the 2 countries up to a greater

extent.
The pressure of AIRLINE or WATERWAYS for small distance between the 2
countries was reduced.
It was much FEASIBLE for people to travel around within 7845m than to fly
up.
The tax was so collected for project could not only FULFILL LOANS but also
additionally provide income for both the nations
The Malmo City Tunnel has the benefit of connecting the southern part of the
inner city to the rail network and allowing many more trains to and from
Malmo.

The Human abilities can make things change from

virtuality to reality. The Water Line between the two
European nations by engineers has proved not only human
capability but also to turn imagination into reality. The
people of Copenhagen and Malmo have been greatly
benefitted with the project of understanding between the
two nations Moreover it also proved the world the tunnels
can also be constructed not only underground but also
underwater