Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION ON
DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
S.PRATAP KUMAR
DIRECTOR TRANSMISSION,
KPTCL, BANGALORE

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

What is Distribution Automation

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Function of Distribution Automation System

Remotely monitors the distribution system,

facilitates supervisory control of devices and
provides decision support tools to improve the
system performance
SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)

Application Functions

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

What is Distribution Automation ?
A set of technologies that enable an electric utility to remotely monitor, coordinate and
operate distribution components in a real-time mode from remote locations - (IEEE
definition)

DA is an umbrella concept that embraces all the other real-time and operational
functions for the distribution network

Distribution Management (DMS)

Substation
Automation (SA)
Feeder
Automation (FA)

Meter
Reading
(AMR)

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Need for Automation and Current trends

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

What you get out of Automation

With...

you receive

..which results to

Remote Control

Fast outage / fault

management

Shorter outage
times

Fault indication

Faster fault
management

Shorter outage
times

Protection

Actual current seen

by relay

PM analysis

Measurements

More information
from network

Accurate network
analysis

Quality monitoring

Information on
problem areas

Improved quality of
power

Condition
monitoring

Service information of
switches

Reduced maintenance
intervals

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Automation Systems and Functionality

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Automation Systems Distribution Utilities

SCADA

Distribution Management System (DMS)

Geographical Information System (GIS)

Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR)

Outage Management System (OMS)

Communication Systems

Billing and Business Process Automation

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Automation Systems Description

Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA)

Develop and integrate Real-time SCADA systems

Distribution Management Systems (DMS)

Solutions for DMS systems for distribution utilities for faster
Fault Location, Isolation and Supply Restoration (FLISR)
and reduction in downtime

Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Automation Systems Description

Automatic Meter Reading System

Solutions for AMR systems for energy auditing

High end consumer load profile monitoring
Integrated with billing and other processes to reduce
cycle time

Communication System

Fibre Optic (SCADA on Fibre; Pilot for DMS completed)

Mobile CDMA / GSM / GPRS
VSAT / Low Power Radio
Wimax (Pilot under progress)

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

SCADA/DMS Functionalities

Monitoring and Control of EHV and HV network

Distribution Network Power Flow

To execute real-time power flow studies for optimal
switching

Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)

To determine the location of feeder faults
Recommend actions to isolate the faulty sections & restore
supply to the healthy sections of feeders

Switching Procedure Management

To execute switching orders and inverted switching orders

Voltage and VAR Control

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

SCADA/DMS Functionalities

Outage Management System (OMS)

Keep records of forced and planned outages

Load shedding and restoration

Short Term Load Forecasting and Calculation of Quality Service

Indices

Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration (OFR)

Judicious network switching to reduce losses and voltage
problems

Energy Balance
- Gives insight into the energy flow and losses in the network

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Typical Integrated Solution Distribution Utility

CIS

(Customer
Information System)

Trouble tickets

Customer
Data

Status data

Maps, Equipment
Data

GIS

Outage
Data

Equipment Data

SCADA/DMS
Load Profiles

System & Equipment

faults,
Switching counts

ERP system

AMR

(Automatic Meter
Reading System)

Billing & Settlement

(SAP R/3)

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Key Design Parameters SCADA/DMS system

User Interface Response Time

Communication Media

Type, Frequency and Quantity of Data Flow

Data flows between different elements of the SCADA / DMS network

RTU SCADA / DMS communication

High load and Burst load scenarios

Hardware sizing (SCADA / DMS servers, RTU)

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Levels of Automation

Substation Level Automation

Feeder Level Automation
Customer Level Automation

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Operational problems and Potential Applications of DAS

Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration

Maintaining good voltage profile
Load Balancing
Load Control
Metering
Maintaining Maps
Fuse-off call operations
Energy accounting
Recent Buzz words !!
Outage Management
Customer Information Management

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Candidate Distribution Automation Functions

Substation
Automation
Functions

Data Acquisition From:

- Circuit Breakers
- Load Tap Changers
- Capacitor Banks
- Transformers
Supervisory Control of:
- Circuit Breakers
- Load Tap Changers
- Capacitor banks
Fault Location
Fault Isolation
Service Restoration
Substation Reactive
Power Control

Feeder Automation
Functions

Data Acquisition From:

- Line Reclosers
- Voltage Regulators
- Capacitor Banks
- Sectionalizers
- Line Switches
- Fault Indicators
Supervisory Control of:
- Line Reclosers
- Voltage Regulators
- Capacitor Banks
- Sectionalizers
- Line Switches
Fault Location
Fault Isolation
Service Restoration
Feeder Reconfiguration
Feeder Reactive Power
Control

Customer Interface
Automation
Functions

Automatic Meter Reading

Remote Reprogramming
of Time-of-Use (TOU)
Meters
Remote Service
Connect/Disconnect
Automated Customer
Claims Analysis

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Application Functions
Network Reconfiguration
a) Fault localization
b) Service Restoration
c) Load Balancing
Integrated Volt-Var Control
Remote Metering
Automatic Load Shedding
Load Management
Automated Mapping and Facilities Management (AM/FM)
Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)
Load Survey and Energy Accounting

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Network Reconfiguration - Service Restoration

Restores service to non-faulty feeder sections by reconfiguration

Considerations
* Presence of alternate paths
* Operation of LB switches
* Need to have remotely controllable switches
* Restoration based on
- satisfaction of current and voltage constraints
- minimum switches
- minimum losses

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Network Reconfiguration - Load Balancing

Composition and hence consumption patterns of loads on

different feeders are different
To distribute loads among transformers/feeders
Remote control of switches for reconfiguration

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Integrated Volt-Var Control

Applied on feeders with capacitors and voltage regulators

Control of capacitor banks and voltage regulators
Schedule for switching and tap control
To meet reactive power requirements and reduce losses

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Automatic Load Shedding

Under Frequency based load shedding

Sensing Frequency through transducers
Load shedding based on the frequency drop, current loading
conditions and priority of the load
Closed loop function at RTU level

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Load Management - Emergency based load shedding

Gap between power generation and load demand due to

sudden contingencies
To shed the loads based on the relief required
Identification of loads to be shed based on
- current load magnitudes
- priority of the load
- time when last shed
Shed the load based on the above factors

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)

Responds to customer complaints

Acceptance of interruption/restoration data from the operator
Distribution Transformer trip/close info from SCADA
Determination of source of interruption
Improvement of response time to customer complaints

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Load Survey and Energy Accounting

Availability of continuous data on loads etc.,

Determination of Load Patterns
Data for planning
Detection of abnormal energy consumption pattern
Identification of high loss areas

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Tangible Benefits

Substation
Automation
Reduction in Capital Expenditure
due to:
Deferment of additional substation
facilities
Effective utilization of substation
facilities
Reduction in O&M Costs of Breaker
switching for:
Routine Operations
Non-Routine Operations
Reduction in O&M Costs of LTC
Operation for:
Routine LTC Operations
Non-Routine Operations
Reduction in O&M Costs for:
Routine Relay Testing
Relay Setting
Reduction in O&M Costs of:
Routine Data Collection
Non-Routine Data Collection
Data Analysis
Testing of Data Logging Devices
Repair of Data Logging Devices

Feeder
Automation

Customer interface
Automation

Reduction in Capital Expenditure

due to:
Deferment of additional feeders
Effective utilization of existing
feeders

Reduction in O&M Costs of:

Regular Meter Reading
Reprogramming of Meters
Service Connect/Disconnect
Processing of Customer Claims

Reduction in O&M Costs of:

Fault Location and Isolation
Service Restoration
Routine Switching Operations
Recloser Setting
Recloser Testing
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Feeder Reconfiguration
Capacitor Banks Inspection

Increased Revenue Due to:

Reduction of System Peak Load
Tamper Detection to Reduce
Electricity Theft
Reduced Payments for Customer
Claims

Increased Revenue Due to:

Loss Reduction due to Feeder
Reconfiguration
Loss Reduction due to Capacitor
Banks Automation
Faster Service Restoration

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Bangalore Distribution Automation System

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City

Load Profile of Bangalore Metropolitan Area

Power Supply Reliability

Existing Demand of Bangalore

Metropolitan Area is 1437 MWS

The present Reliability Index in Bangalore City

is 99%.

Bangalore is the fastest Growing city

in the country

Annual Average consumer hours lost due to

11kV feeder interruption - 64.57 Hours

Studies conducted to forecast future

Load Requirement

66kV feeder / sub-station 20.22 Hours

DTC / LT interruptions 1.43 Hours.

Load of Bangalore will be doubled by

2011-12

Projected Demand of Bangalore by

2011-12 is 2428 MWS

Total

86.2 Hrs/Year/Consumer

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City

Bangalore is the most potential location for software business,
IT Enabled Services & Biotech owing to its inherent strength.
Majority of IT activity not only in the State but also in the
country is concentrated in Bangalore.
Bangalore has been at the forefront of industrial growth in
India with enterprising citizens ideal choice for investment
infrastructure.
Bangalore refer to as the Silicon Valley of India accounts for
highest software exports in the Country.
Bangalore City Contributes more than 70% of BESCOM total
revenue.
Support from State Government for foreign Investment.
Electronic equipment manufacturing as well as Garment
industries are developing in Bangalore City.
In rush for investment from foreign investors.
Increased Demand from Residential Layouts
Demand due to establishing new International Airport

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Scope of the Works in Bangalore DAS

Drawing 11kV new lines with Coyote ACSR conductor to suit the overhead system for
distribution automation.

Providing 11kV, 400 Sq mm UG/AB cable to suit the overhead system for distribution
automation.

Retrofitting of existing RMU Operating Devices (OD) with VCBs and providing motorized
mechanism.

Providing motorized mechanism for Vertical Lines (VL) and ODs of new and old RMUs.

Providing compact RMUs for spur points of overhead lines.

Providing sectionalizers with communication facility between two VLs.

Providing Remote Terminal Units (RTU) with communication facility at all RMU locations.

Providing SCADA system at each of the sub-station with necessary hardware and software.

Establishing Master Control Center at Corporate level with necessary communication,

hardware and software.

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

The Bangalore Distribution Automation System aims at achieving

Control of 11 KV feeders
Operation of line sectionalisers, motorised isolators, auto
reclosures
Data acquisition from load end CTs and PTs
Operation of CBs for switched capacitor banks
Use of customized EMS Software packages with real time data
collected through RTUs
Issue, control and receiving back of line clears, introduce interlock
and safety algorithm, password protected operating environment
Real time logging of data / archived records of hours of
service,Equipment data base
Integration with Geographical Information System (GIS) Software
packages

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

System Configuration of DAS

Substation
Equipment

FCB

LBS

LBS

Distribution Feeder

RTU

RTU

Stage-1 DAS
Communication Line

Substation

M-RTU

Field

Feeder Equipment

Communication System

Computer System
FEP
DAS Computer

District Office

Stage-2 DAS

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Integrated Distribution Automation system
Real time control over the costly
energy sold.
Improved efficiency results in lower
costs,
Better reliability in power supply,
planned control actions,
Optimum power factor, reduction in
losses.
Improved efficiency also results in
reduction of the Green House gases and
consequent improvement in the
environment.
Enables online energy audit (AMR
Systems) which is now receiving the
focused attention of all utilities

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

Project Implementation

The project will be implemented in Phases.

Under Phase I, as a pilot project Peenya Industrial Area, EPIP area and
Electronic city area are identified. Completion period 6 months.

In the second Phase BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution

Automation of the entire existing RMUs (Cable network) along with the
improvements required for overhead distribution to suit the overhead system
for Automation. Completion period 9 months.

Under Phase III, BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution Automation of

the entire over head network. Completion period 9 months.

Total Cost of the Project is about 563 Crores.

The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) is extending financial

assistance for this project