PRODUCTION OF SOLID FUEL

BIOCHAR FROM WASTE BIOMASS

BY LOW TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS

PRESENTED BY: Antarim Dutta

REGD. NO:2016CL04
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REFERENCES
Ai Mansour F, Zuwala. An overview of biomass co firing in Europe.
Dai J Sokhansanj S Grace. Overview and some issues related to co
firing
Mohan D,Pittman,Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for bio oil production
Gorling M, Larrson, bio methane via fast pyrolysis of biomass
Xiu S. Sahabazi, bio oil production and upgrading research: A
review
Phanphanich M, impact of torrefication on the grindability and fuel
characteristics of forest biomass
Wannapeera J upgrading of woody biomass by torrefication under
pressure
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CONTEN
TS

Pyrolysis: An overview
Different pyrolytic modes
Introduction to research paper
Ultimate and proximate analysis of biomass
Process and reactions
Images of biochars derived
Results
Effect of temperature on composition of biochar
Conclusion
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PYROLYSIS: AN OVERVIEW
Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass into
liquid, gases and char in the absence of oxygen at 400550 C.
Pyro lytic products can be used as a fuel, with or without
upgrading, or can be utilized as a feed stock for chemical
industries.
Materials suitable for pyrolysis includes: coal, plastic,
biomass, agricultural residues, human and animal wastes.
Biomass contains different components: cellulose, lignin,
hemicellulose.
Upon rapid heating, these components break down to

PYROLYTIC MODES
SLOW PYROLYSIS
Slow heating rate
2C/second)

FAST PYROLYSIS
(0.5 to

More rapid heating rate

Low temperature

Very high temperature (> 550C)

It maximize char and oil product.

Production of char and oil is low.

Long residence time (Gas residence time may

be greater than 5 seconds.)

Gas residence time is less than slow

pyrolysis.

INTRODUCTION
Among all renewable energies biomass is receiving increasing
interests due to its world wide availability.
Pyrolysis has been employed to convert biomass into bio-fuels
with high energy density.
The distribution and properties of bio-fuels are strongly
dependent on pyrolysis conditions.
Compared to gas and bio oil, few studies have been carried out
with the aim of producing bio char.
In present study, biomass was pyrolyzed with specific intention
of solid fuel bio char production and biochar yield derived from
both biomass were compared including energy density.
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Ultimate analysis
Samples

Coconut fiber (by weight)

Pine wood (by weight)

47.75

48.15

5.61

6.7

0.23

0.20

0.90

1.35

45.51

43.60

Samples

Coconut fiber

Pine wood

Volatile matter

80.85

85.45

Fixed carbon

11.10

13.15

Ash

8.05

1.40

Proximate analysis ( dry

basis)

PROCESS
Pyrolysis of biomass was conducted in a fixed-bed
quartz reactor equipped with temperature controller.
In every run, biomass sample was charged into alumina
boat, which was placed in reactor.
It is heated to 200-330C with heating rate 15C/min and
kept at final temperature 20 minutes.
After cooling down at room temperature, biochar in
alumina boat was weighted and kept for analysis.

MAIN REACTIONS
Dehydration reaction
2R-OH

R-O-R + H2O

Decarboxylation reaction
RCOOH

R-H + O=C=O

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IMAGES OF BIOCHARS PREPARED IN

PRESENT
STUDY

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Sampl
e

Volatil Fixed
Ash
N (%)
e
carbon conten
matter %
t%
%

C (%)

H (%)

S (%)

O (%)

Bioch
ar
yield(
%)

Energ
y
yield(
%)

CF-200

78.26

15.04

6.70

1.35

50.42

5.20

0.45

42.58

83.11

87.5

CF-225

76.98

15.90

7.12

1.02

51.83

4.99

0.30

41.86

80.13

81.9

CF-250

75.58

16.37

8.05

1.13

53.77

4.76

0.28

40.06

69.19

71.5

CF-275

70.20

21.04

8.76

1.12

58.08

4.55

0.28

35.97

63.87

68.7

CF-300

64.21

25.71

10.08

1.21

61.38

4.08

0.32

33.01

55.65

58.5

CF-330

60.64

28.38

10.98

1.18

65.36

4.12

0.29

29.05

50.21

53.5

PW-200 80.43
PW78.25
225

18.62
20.77

0.95
0.98

1.33
1.34

51.16
51.74

6.54
6.50

0.18
0.17

40.79
40.25

91.00
89.17

99.8
90.3

PW-250 75.84

23.09

1.07

1.34

52.00

6.35

0.17

40.14

79.19

79.4

PW-275 70.33

28.51

1.16

1.65

53.37

6.20

0.18

38.60

72.00

74.1

PW-300 58.34

40.37

1.29

1.68

55.52

6.07

0.22

36.51

65.16

68.0

PW-330 50.71

47.98

1.39

1.60

59.86

5.81

0.20

32.53

61.42

63.3

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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON
REMOVAL
DEGREE OF CARBON
AND HYDROGEN

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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON
RETENTION RATE OF DIFFERENT
METALS

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15

 Slagging index= (B/A)*S%

Fouling index=(B/A)*(Na2O+K2O)
where,
(B/A)= (Fe2O3+CaO+MgO+Na2O+K2O)/
(SiO2+Al2O3+TiO2)
and S is the percent of sulfur in dry fuel sample.
These equations also confirms that slagging and fouling
inclinations increases with increasing pyrolysis
temperature.
Biochars derived from raw biomass have increased SI
and FI values.
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Fuel ratio is increasing with increasing pyrolysis

CONCLUSION
Woody biomass shows higher biochar and energy yields than nonwoody biomass under identical conditions.
Woody biomass shows lower decomposition rate than non-woody
biomass.
Hemicellulose and cellulose in coconut fiber and pine wood
showed different decomposition behaviour.
Taking into account combustion characteristics and energy yield,
optimum pyrolysis temperatures were around 300C for coconut
fiber and 330C for pinewood.
Woody biomass is highly preferable as compared to non woody
biomass.
Slagging and fouling issues are same as in raw biomass.
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ANY QUERY ?

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