MENULIS LATAR BELAKANG

PROPOSAL RISET
ARINA NURFIANTI
UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA

THE RESEARCH PLAN (INDONESIA)

A. Title
B. Abstract (RINGKASAN RENCANA PENELITIAN)
C. Statement of the research problem
D Statement of the purpose of the study
E. Background of the study (LATAR BELAKANG)
1. Topics for the review of literature related to:
a. Theory and supportive rationale
b. Related studies
c. Methods
2. Previous work by the investigator that supports the project
F. Literature cited
G. Research Method
1. Subjects: characteristics, sampling method, plan for recruitment
2. Materials: Instrumentation, plan to establish reliability and validity
3. Procedures:
a. Study design
b. Details of test and treatment administration
c. Data collection methods
d. Timetable and organization chart
4. Data management and analysis
H. Documentation of informed consent

Background of the study

Background information should include
the theoretical rationale, pertinent facts,
observation, or claims that have lead the
investigator to propose research question.

Background of the study

The information is derived from the
literature review and from previous or
related work done by the investigator.

Background of the study

Literature review is to integrate published
materials.
It is not simply a series of abstract of
paper on the topics.
The author must convey an integration of
content that supports the need,
importance, and rationale for the proposed
study.

Background of the study

Authors must continually ask:
Is this reference or point of information
directly related to this study?

Background of the study

Does it contribute to the rationale or
clarify the basic assumptions that
underline the research question?

Background of the study

Authors should read more than will be or
should be included in written proposal.

Background: literature reviews

The first element of the review may include
relevant epidemiological factors,
demographics,
the impact of the research issue, and
potential impact on the patients.

Background: literature reviews

The major portion of the review may focus
on prior research and address related
question, reflecting current knowledge or
lack or knowledge.

Background of the study

The final element of the review may include
a summary of the fact, problems, or
controversies found in the literature and
relevant perspectives of the research that
lead directly back to the specific need and
stated purpose of the proposed study.

Writing a Literature Review

(Tinjauan Pustaka)

General Guidelines to
Writing a Literature Review
Introduce the literature review by pointing
out the major research topic that will be
discussed
Identify the broad problem area but dont
be too global (for example, discussing the history of
education when the topic is on specific instructional
strategy)

General Guidelines to
Writing a Literature Review

Dont attempt to cover everything written

on your topic
You will need to pick out the research
most relevant to the topic you are studying
You will use the studies in your literature
review as evidence that your research
question is an important one

General Guidelines to
Writing a Literature Review
It is important to cover research
relevant to all the variables being
studied.
Research that explains the relationship
between these variables is a top priority.
You will need to plan how you will
structure your literature review and write
from this plan.

Organizing Your Literature

Review

Topical Orderorganize by main topics

or issues; emphasize the relationship of
the issues to the main problem
Chronological Orderorganize the
literature by the dates the research was
published
Problem-Cause-Solution Order
Organize the review so that it moves
from the problem to the solution

Organizing Your Literature

Review
General-to-Specific Order(Also called
the funnel approach) Examine broadbased research first and then focus on
specific studies that relate to the topic
Specific-to-General OrderTry to make
discuss specific research studies so
conclusions can be drawn

Literature Review
All sources cited in the literature review
should be listed in the references
To sum, a literature review should
include introduction, summary and
critique of journal articles, justifications
for your research project and the
hypothesis for your research project

Common Errors Made in Lit

Reviews

Review isnt logically organized

Review isnt focused on most important
facets of the study
Review doesnt relate literature to the study
Too few references or outdated references
cited
Review isnt written in authors own words
Review reads like a series of disjointed
summaries
Review doesnt argue a point

Writing the Literature Review

Plagiarism includes (Galvan, pg. 89):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Using another writers words without proper citation

Using another writers ideas without proper citation
Citing a source but reproducing the exact word without
quotation marks
Borrowing the structure of another authors
phrases/sentences without giving the source
Borrowing all or part of another students paper
Using paper-writing service or having a friend write the
paper

Thank you