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This chapter deals with the mechanical behavior of composite materials that
are formed from two or more dissimilar materials, on a macroscopic scale,
where each material is continuous and homogeneous.
Common composite materials generally consist of stiff and strong fibers, such
as glass, carbon, or aramid, embedded in a softer material, such as a
thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer, known as the matrix material, or
simply, thematrix.
For example, composite materials are used in aircraft and spacecraft due to
their weight sensitive structures.
Structure of composite
materials
Matrix.
It is the volume which is hosted reinforcement, it can be distinguished by
the naked eye to be continuous. Reinforcements must be strongly bound
to the matrix, so that its strength and rigidity is transmitted to the
composite. The fracture behavior also depends on the resistance of the
interface. A weak interface results in a material with low stiffness and
strength but high resistance to fracture.
The matrices can be classified into: organic and inorganic matrices
Matrices.
Reinforcement.
The types of reinforcement can be classified into three categories: fibers,
whiskers and particles. From the standpoint of mechanical properties can be
obtained a great improvement by using continuous fibers, reinforcing in the
direction of the applied stress; whereas with whiskers and particles is
experienced decreased resistance but a great isotropy is obtained in the
material.
matrix-reinforcement interface
The interface zone is a region of varying chemical composition, where the
bond between the matrix and reinforcement, which ensures the transfer of
applied loads and conditions between the end of composites mechanical
properties occurs.
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