SAMPLING

TECHNIQUES
Dr. Sarah B. Toca
Professor

POPULATION AND SAMPLES

Population refers to the totality of the
individuals in a research. Denoted by
capital letter (N)
Classifi cation of population:
1. target population
2. sampled population

Target population - the entire set of

individual about which we require
information.
ex. All 18 years old in Metro Manila

Sampled population is the basic fi nite set

of individuals from which a sample is drawn.
ex. All 18 years in Manila City
Sample refers to the representative portion
of the population under study.
Four basic reasons for the use of samples:
1. It allows us to obtain information with
greater speed.
2. It allows us to obtain information with a
reduced cost.

3. It allows us to obtain information over a

greater scope.
4. It allows us to obtain information with a
greater accuracy.
Probability Sampling any method of
sampling that uses some form of random
selection
Non-probability sampling does not
involve random selection.

METHODS OF PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
Simple random sampling
Systematic random sampling
Stratifi ed random sampling
Cluster sampling
Multistage sampling
1. Simple random sampling it consist of
choosing a sample from a set of all possible
samples of a pre-chosen size, giving each
sample n equally likely chance of being the
selected one.

TECHNIQUE OF DRAWING SIMPLE

RANDOM SAMPLING
1. Table of Random Numbers this table
show set of random digits arranged in
groups, both horizontally and vertically.
2. Lottery or Fishbowl Technique the
most commonly used technique in simple
random sampling if table of random
numbers is not available.
-this is use if the population is more or
less homogeneous with respect to the
characteristics.

METHOD OF PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
2. Systematic Random Sampling this
involves the selection of the desired
sample in a list by arranging them
systematically or logically.
-commonly used as an alternative to
simple random sampling

K = N/n where: k sampling interval

N Population size
n sample size

Steps on systematic random sampling

- a sample of 5 household heads from 20
housing units
1. arrange the housing units in order from
1-20.
2. Determine the sampling interval using
the formula:
k N/n ; k = 20/5 = 4
3. Select the number at random from 1 - 4
4. The next housing unit is selected every
kth

METHOD OF PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
3. Stratifi ed Random Sampling
a method in which the population or size
N is divided into a number, L of nonoverlapping, so that the samples within a
stratum are more or less homogeneous
and samples among strata are most
heterogeneous.
Stratifi cation the process of establishing
the
group.
Strata the group.

In stratifi ed random sampling, the

probabilities of selection may be the same
from strata to strata, or they may be
diff erent.
4. Cluster Sampling
Use when the population is very large and
widely spread out over a wide range of
geographical area.
Cluster are the primary units of sampling
Secondary units the members of the
clusters.

METHOD OF CLUSTER SAMPLING

1. one-stage cluster sampling if all the
members of each selected cluster are
included in our sample ( of secondary units)
2. Two- stage cluster sampling if we take a
random sample of each selected cluster.
Note
As the cluster gets larger, the sampling error
increases.

5. Multistage Sampling
- sampling is done in stages
- the selection of the sample is
accomplished in two or more stages
- population is first divided into a
number of first stage from which a sample
is drawn, within the sample first stage, a
second sample is drawn
- this may be two, three, four and the
like stages.

METHOD OF NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
1. Convenience Sampling
- the samples are readily or easily
accessible
2. Accidental Sampling
- chooses the sample by change or
accident
3. Quota Sampling
- select the sample according to some
fi xed quota

- the main concern concern of quota

sampling is to come up with the required
number of samples no matter how they
are selected.
4. Judgment Sampling - chooses samples
on the basis of an experts opinion.