Ehsan Shams

Saeed Sharifi Tehrani

What is DSP ?
Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is used in a wide variety of
applications, and it is hard to find a good definition that is
general.

changing or analyzing information which is

measured as discrete sequences of numbers

TMS320C25 DSP

DSP Algorithm
Example : Digital Filters (e.g. Digital FIR Filters ,...)

Most share common features:

They use a lot of maths (multiplying and adding signals)
They deal with signals that come from the real world
They require a response in a certain time

TMS320C25 DSP

Why DSP Processors?

A Comparison :

As shown ,DSP Processors are more efficient

TMS320C25 DSP

Why DSP Processors? (Contd.)

As
Asin
inFIR
FIRFilters
Filters

TMS320C25 DSP

Texas Instruments,the company

designer and supplier of digital signal
processing and analog technologies

Six decades of history

TI envisions a world where every wireless call,
every phone call and every Internet connection is
touched by a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).

TMS320C25 DSP

History of the TMS320 family

This family currently includes five generations of DSPs.
TMS320C25, a CMOS 40-MHz digital signal processor
capable of twice the performance of the TMS320C1x
devices

TMS320C1x,
TMS320C1x,
TMS320C2x,
TMS320C2x,
TMS320C3x,
TMS320C3x,
TMS320C4x,
TMS320C4x,
and
and
TMS320C5x
TMS320C5x

is capable of executing 10 million instructions per second.

24 additional instructions (133 total)
eight auxiliary registers
an eight-level hardware stack
4K words of on-chip program ROM
low power dissipation inherent to CMOS

TMS320C25 DSP

Architectural overview
Harvard architecture
On-chip memory
ALU
Multiplier
Memory interface
Serial ports
Multiprocessing applications
Direct Memory Access

TMS320C25 DSP

TMS320C25 Functional Block Diagram

TMS320C25 DSP

Memory Organization
Total of 544 16-bit words of
on-chip data RAM,
Program
Programand
andData
DataMemory
Memory

288 words are always data

memory and the remaining
256 words may
be configured as either
program or data memory.
The TMS320C2x can
address a total of 64K
words of data memory.
TMS320C25 DSP

Memory Organization (Cntd.)

spaces
spacesare
are
distinguished
distinguished
externally
externallyby
by
means
of
the
means of thePS,
PS,
DS,
DS,and
andIS
IS
The
Theon-chip
on-chip
program
programROM
ROM
can
be
mapped
can be mapped
into
intothe
thelower
lower
4K
4Kwords
wordsof
of
program
program

Three separate address spaces for program memory,

data memory, and I/O

memory.
memory.This
This
ROM
is
ROM is
enabled
enabledwhen
when
MP/MC
is
MP/MC isset
set
to
a
logic
low.
to a logic low.

TMS320C25 DSP

Memory Organization (Auxiliary Registers)

register file containing eight auxiliary registers (AR0AR7).

ARAU is useful
for address
manipulation
it may also serve
as an additional
general-purpose
arithmetic unit

TMS320C25 DSP

Memory Organization (Memory Addressing Modes)

In
Inthe
thedirect
directaddressing
addressing
mode,
the
9-bit
mode, the 9-bitdata
datamemory
memory
page
pointer
(DP)
points
page pointer (DP) pointsto
to
one
of
512
pages,
each
page
one of 512 pages, each page
consisting
consistingof
of128
128words.
words.

When
Whenan
animmediate
immediateoperand
operandisisused,
used,ititisiscontained
contained
either
within
the
instruction
word
itself
or
in
either within the instruction word itself or inthe
theword
word
following
the
instruction
opcode
.
following the instruction opcode .

In
Inthe
theindirect
indirect
addressing
addressingmode,
mode,
the
currently
the currently
selected
selected16-bit
16-bit
auxiliary
auxiliaryregister
register
AR(ARP)
AR(ARP)
addresses
addressesthe
thedata
data
memory
through
memory through
the
theauxiliary
auxiliary
register
registerfile
file
bus(AFB).
bus(AFB).

TMS320C25 DSP

CALU
A typical ALU instruction:
Scaling Shifter
1) Data is fetched from the RAM on the data bus,
2) Data is passed through the scaling shifter and the ALU
ALU and accumulator
3) The result is moved into the accumulator.
Multiplier;T and P registers

TMS320C25 DSP

System Control
16-bit program counter
(PC)
hardware stack of
eight locations

TMS320C25 DSP

System Control (pipeline operations)

the prefetch counter
(PFC)
the 16-bit microcall
stack (MCS) register,
the instruction
register (IR),
the queue instruction
register (QIR).

Two status registers, ST0

and ST1, contain the status
of various conditions
and modes.

TMS320C25 DSP

System Control (Timer Operation+Repeat Counter)

The TMS320C2x
provides a memorymapped 16-bit timer
(TIM) register and
a 16-bit period (PRD)
register.
The on-chip timer is
a down counter that is
continuously clocked
by CLKOUT1.

The repeat counter (RPTC) is an 8-bit

counter.It can be loaded with a number
from 0 to 255 .
RPTC is cleared by reset.
TMS320C25 DSP

External Memory and IO Interface

A 16-bit parallel data bus (D15D0),
A 16-bit address bus (A15A0),
Data, program, and I/O space select (DS, PS, and IS) signals, and
Various system control signals.
1) Program Internal RAM/Data Internal (PI/DI)
2) Program Internal RAM/Data External (PI/DE)
3) Program External/Data Internal (PE/DI)
4) Program External/Data External (PE/DE)
5) Program Internal ROM/Data Internal (PR/DI)
6) Program Internal ROM/Data External (PR/DE)

TMS320C25 DSP

Interrupts
three external maskable user interrupts (INT2INT0),
Internal interrupts are generated by the serial port (RINT and XINT), by
the timer (TINT), and by the software interrupt (TRAP) instruction.

The TMS320C2x has a built-in mechanism for

protecting multicycle instructions
from interrupts.

TMS320C25 DSP

Serial Ports
IfIfthe
theserial
serialport
port
isisnot
notbeing
being
used,
used,the
theDXR
DXR
and
DRR
and DRR
registers
registerscan
canbe
be
used
used
as
asgeneralgeneralpurpose
purpose
registers.
registers.

A full-duplex on-chip serial port provides direct communication

with serial devices such as codecs, serial A/D converters, and
other serial systems.
TMS320C25 DSP

Direct Memory Access

The
flexibility of theenvironment,
TMS320C2x allows
configurations
In
a multiprocessor
the SYNC
input can beto satisfy
a wide
ofease
system
requirements:
used
to range
greatly
interface
between processors.
A
standalone
systemapplications,
(single processor),
For
multiprocessing
the TMS320C2xs allocates
global data memory space and communicates with that space
A
with devices
in parallel,
viamultiprocessor
the BR (bus request)
and READY
control signals.
A host/slave multiprocessor with shared global data memory space
A peripheral processor

TMS320C25 DSP