CONSTRUCTION OF OIL

AND GAS PIPELINES

Marlly Catalina Carreo Lizcano

Cristian Javier Tarazona Torres
Jordn Yesid Restrepo Gmez
Liceth Tatiana Carvajal Alba

AGENDA

pipelines
Pipelines
Construction
Location ( planes, Routes)
Cleaning, remove soil and
right of passage
Opening of ditches
Routing of piping
Bending of tubes
Welding
Coating

Lower Tubes
Fill
Hydrostatic Test
Splices
Commissioning
Cleaning
Repair of damage

Pipelines

A pipeline is a driving pipes

that serve to carries a
combustible gas on a large
scale

Figura 1. PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE

OLEODUCTOS- Reference: 2.4 SP
PipeConstruction. November, 1997

Pipelines

Is called pipeline to the line

and related facilities used for
the transport of oil, their
derivatives and biobutanol, at
great distances.

Construction

Any project for the construction of an oil pipeline or pipeline

begins with the project planning and design. The company
is a management team that coordinates the overall
construction of the pipeline.

The pipeline route must be carefully selected to minimize

the problems that may occur due to the terrain and
obstacles built by man (roads, railway crossings, channels
and existing lines. Environmental issues must also be
identified and resolved

A construction project well executed follows a routine step by

step. In this section we discuss the main steps in the
construction of an oil and gas pipeline.
Location ( planes, path)
cleaning, removal of soil, rights of passage
opening of ditches
tended of
bending line of
weld pipes
lining
lower
hydrostatic test fill tubes
junctions, commissioning
Cleaning
Repair of damage

Location ( planes, Routes)

The location of the pipeline is detailed in the drawings,

where should contain profiles and main levels, crossing of
highways, roads, rivers, ravines.
The planes are the documents where consists all the
details specific to the construction. Are prepared with all
the field information, and if necessary modify some detail
because the geography of the field does not allow build as
is specified

Figura 2. Planos,
rutasPDF- CONSTRUCCION DE
OLEODUCTOS- Reference: 2.4 SP
PipeConstruction. November, 1997

Cleaning, remove soil and right of

passage
The first step in the construction of an oil pipeline is the cleaning of the
right of passage, granted in such a way that the staff and the machinery
they can access the site
Cleaning is the process of the removal of all obstacles that are found
on the ground as trees, weeds, etc..
Removal of soil this removal includes that the vegetation layer is not
disturbed by the construction activity. Once you have run the
construction will return the vegetation layer to its original position.
Leveling process of removing land of a site and adding the other in
order to achieve the levelling of the surface. The levelling of the surface
allows the efficient operation of equipment and vehicles
right of passage in some cases the route of the pipeline or pipeline
crosses specific properties, making it necessary to manage to the
owners the authorization to construct the part that crosses the
particular property.

Opening of ditches
The next procedure is to
open the trenches. This
means
opening
a
gap
sufficiently wide and deep for
containing the pipeline.
To accelerate the process are
used special machinery calls
trenchers. A trencher has a
serrated knife front, which
cuts within the earth and the
loose. The earth is then
removed by a drill of knife
and
lifted
off
of
the
surroundings of the machine.

Figura 3. PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE

OLEODUCTOS- Reference: 2.4 SP
PipeConstruction. November, 1997

Routing of piping

Once
excavated
the
trench,
the
gandolas
(usually
contracted)
delivered the pipes in the
site for the operations of
piping. As was mentioned
above the piping means
placing the tube sections
along the right-of-way to
prepare them for bending
or weld if necessary

Figura 4. PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE

OLEODUCTOS- Reference: 2.4 SP

PipeConstruction. November, 1997

Bending of tubes
Once the pipe is scattered along
the pipeline route the individual
unions are ready to be welded in a
continuous line.
However, before connections can
be welded, sometimes it is
necessary to fold some of the joints
to allow slight changes in the lift
and steering of the pipeline.
Bent in cold is the process used
to bend the seals or connections
of the pipes. In the folded in cold,
the crew of bending raises the
pipe union with a crane boom
and inserts a tips at a special
machine to bend.

Figura 5. PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE

OLEODUCTOS- Reference: 2.4 SP
PipeConstruction. November, 1997

Welding

The phase of weld is

extremely important. If the
tubes are not soldiers
properly, will not endure
the pressure required to
transport products and
could break during normal
operations of the pipeline

Figura 6. PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE

OLEODUCTOS- Reference: 2.4 SP
PipeConstruction. November, 1997

Coating
Is the process by which
material is applied on the
line, this material helps
prevent
corrosion
by
providing a protective barrier
between the pipe and its
environment. The coatings
are applied in the factory or
in the field
Tar ( applied at the factory
or field)
Sprays as plular ( applied
at the factory or field)
adhesives
bituminous
products (usually applied
in the field in areas of

PDF- CONSTRUCCION
DE OLEODUCTOSReference: 2.4 SP
PipeConstruction.
November, 1997
Figura 7.

Lower Tubes
Once the pipes have been
cleaned
and
inspected,
coated and bent to fit the
contours of the trench, it is
now up to the boom crane
lowering to the ditch.
lowering of pipes: is the
process of placing the pipe
in the trenches.
The boom crane places the
tubes on the trench in such a
way that it does not touch the
walls of the same as they are
lowered

PDFCONSTRUCCION DE
OLEODUCTOSReference: 2.4 SP
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November, 1997
Figura 8.

Fill

Made the descent of the

line in the ditch, it is filled
to prevent damage to the
tubes with loose rocks,
abrasion
and
washing.
During the fill must be
placed suitable land from
the pile of rubble around
and on the tube. It is called
"fill" to the land of the pile
of rubble

PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE
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Figura 9.

Hydrostatic Test

Once carried out the fill,

the hydrostatic test is
performed to ensure the
integrity of the pipeline.
During the hydrostatic test
water is pumped through
the pipe and pressurized to
125% of the maximum
pressure
of
proposed
operation during a certain
period of time

PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE
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Figura 10.

Splices

The splices include welds

of crossings of roads and
rivers, weld in portions of
the line that was left
disconnected for testing
Hydrostatic tests and any
additional work as fit tapes
(adhesives)
or
coating
welds
PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE
OLEODUCTOS- Reference: 2.4 SP
PipeConstruction. November, 1997
Figura 11.

Commissioning

The stage of the commissioning is the preparation of the

line in order to enter service. During this phase, valves,
pumps and central systems are reviewed to ensure that
they are operating properly. Also it is pumped through the
product line to displace the water that is used during the
hydrostatic test

Cleaning

Finally the line is covered

by a layer of plant floor
that was left to one side of
the right of passage in the
initial
operations
of
cleaning.
On
some
occasions the owners of
land can request that the
paths and fences remain.
Their wishes are respected.

PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE
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Figura 12.

Repair of damage

Once the construction, all claims for damages must be

addressed. The damage to the right of passage are served
by the company, while the damage outside the right of
passage are the responsibility of the contractor

the repair of damage usually requires the advice of experts

on land and environment to support the agents of land in
their negotiations

Decree 1056 April 2th,

1953
Chapter VIII of the decree 1056 tells us
about the transport of oil and its refined
https://www.minminas.gov.co/document
s/10180//23517//21693-2165.PDF

Sorches of Information

Construction of pipelines: PDF- CONSTRUCCION DE

OLEODUCTOS- Reference: 2.4 SP PipeConstruction.
November, 1997
Construction
of
pipelines:
http://www.unp.edu.pe/facultades/minas/petroleo/al
umn/pyg/CURSO%20CONSTRUCCION%20DE%20GASODUCTOS.p


Thanks.