SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM

WITH RFID EQUIPPED

VEHICLE

INTRODUCTION

Most of the fatal or serious accidents are

associated with excessive or
inappropriate speed.
Safety will be achieved by automatic
driving controls and a growing number of
sensors both on the road infrastructure
and the vehicle itself.
The key idea offered is to use Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID)
technology to tag the warning signals
placed in the dangerous portions of the
road.

AIM OF THE PROJECT

To control the speed of the vehicles at

restricted areas in city (viz. school zone,
hospital zone) with certain speed limits
mentioned on the roads.
Here we are using RFID card reader in
identifying the speed limit mentioned on
the road, which is interfacing with the
controller.
RFID is a key role in our project.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS USED IN
THE PROJECT

MICRO CONTROLLER (AT89S52)

RFID CARD
RFID CARD READER
MAX-232
DC MOTOR
MOTOR DRIVER
LCD

MICRO CONTROLLER
PIN DIAGRAM

FEATURES OF ATMEL
89S52

Compatible with MCS-51 Products

8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
Memory
Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
256K Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
3 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Dual Data Pointer
Power-off Flag

RFID

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is

a technology that uses radio frequencies
to automatically identify and track
people or objects.
RFID offers higher data storage
capacities, higher identification speeds,
and greater immediacy and accuracy of
data collection

RFID TAG

RFID WORKING AT BASIC

STAGE

At a basic level, each tag works in the same

way:
Data stored within an RFID tag's microchip
waits to be read.
The tag's antenna receives electromagnetic
energy from an RFID reader's antenna.
Using power from its internal battery or power
harvested from the reader's electromagnetic
field, the tag sends radio waves back to the
reader.
The reader picks up the tag's radio waves and
interprets the frequencies as meaningful data.

RFID CARD READER

AnRFID readeris a device that is used to

interrogate anRFID tag.
The reader has an antenna that emits radio
waves; the tag responds by sending back its data.

RFID tags transmit their identification code

and are detected by the RFID readers onboard
the vehicle.
The information is transmitted to a MC, which
determines the correspondence between tag
ID and readers.
This MC communicates the new target speed
as well as other relevant data for the control of
the vehicle.

MAX-232

It is a dual RS232 receiver / transmitter

that meets all RS232 specifications while
using only +5V power supply.
It has two onboard charge pump voltage
converters which generate +10V to -10V
power supplies from a single 5V supply.
It has four level translators, two of which
are RS232 transmitters that convert
TTL/CMOS input levels into +9V RS232
outputs.
The other two level translators are RS232
receivers that convert RS232 input to 5V.

DC MOTOR

An electric motor is a machine which

converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
A DC motor is designed to run on DC
electric power.
When electric field passes through the
coil in a magnetic field, the magnetic
force produces a torque which turns the
DC motor.

WORKING OF A DC MOTOR
Electric current is supplied
externally through commutator
Magnetic force acts
perpendicular to both wire
and magnetic field

Current in dc motor
Torque in dc motor

Commutator reverses the

current each half revolution to
keep the torque running the coil
in the same direction

The running torque of

the motor is proportional
to magnetic field
The magnetic field is
directed from north pole
to south pole.

Magnetic field in dc motor

Magnetic force acts

perpendicular to both wire
and magnetic field
Force in dc motor

RELAYS

A relay is an electrical switch that

opens and closes under the control of
another electrical circuit.
In the original form, the switch is
operated by electromagnet to open
or close one or many sets of contact,
because of the relay is able to control
an output circuit higher power than
the input circuit.

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A 16x2 LCD can display 16
characters per line ,
there are two such lines.
In this LCD Each character is
displayed in 5x7
pixel matrix.
This LCD has two registers:
Command and Data.
In our project, we use this LCD for
displaying the
speed of the vehicle when it is

WORKING

Based on rfid principle, whenever the

rfid card reads certain frequency
(speed in this case), the vehicle
speed reduces to that limit of speed.
This limit of speed is maintained until
the frequency changes.
As soon as the vehicle crosses over
the speed limit zone, it moves with
its own speed.

POWER SUPPLY
VIN (ac)

2
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3
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Regulator
1

4
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Vout (dc)

VIN (ac)

For biasing the microcontroller 5 volts is

required and hence
this circuit is used
to get an output of 5 volts.

SOFTWARE USED
Language :
Embedded C
TOOLS:
Keil vision3.
The Keil is used to compile the program
written in embedded C and convert it
to hex file.
Express PCB.
C Source Compiler.

ADVANTAGES

Accidents are avoided at least in the speed

restricted areas such as school and hospital
zones.
Moreover it also ensures efficient
transportation of vehicles.
Restricted areas are controlled
automatically rather than manually.
Ease of checking process at high ways and
check points.
The proposed on-board architecture is
portable and easily adaptable to any
commercial car with minimal modifications.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In our project, only the test vehicle

was present on the road. In normal
driving situations, we can expect
other vehicles circulating nearby and
possibly blocking or attenuating
some of the RFID transmitting
signals, especially with large vehicles
like trucks.
In this aspect, more experimentation
is needed to know how this
circumstance will affect the vehicles
control performance. A possible

CONCLUSION

The speed control of a vehicle on the road

which can help to decrease one of the
major causes of fatalities: the excessive or
inadequate vehicle speed.
since active RFID technology permits to
detect the presence and identity of the
vehicles reliably and sufficiently in
advance, so corrective actions on the
vehicles behaviour can be taken.
the vehicles speed is successfully
controlled as a result of the detection of
the signals, increasing the drivers safety.

WE

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