The Holocaust, also known as Ha-Shoah (Hebrew: ),

Khurbn (Yiddish: or Halokaust, )or Porajmos

(Romani, also Samudaripen), is the name applied to the
genocide of minority groups of Europe and North Africa during
World War II by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.
Early elements of the Holocaust include the Kristallnacht
pogrom of November 8, 1938 and November 9, 1938 and the T-4
Euthanasia Program, leading to the later use of killing squads
and extermination camps in a massive and centrally organized

effort to exterminate every possible member of the populations

targeted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.

The Jews of Europe were the most numerous of the victims of

the Holocaust in what the Nazis called the "Final Solution of the
Jewish Question" (die Endlsung der Judenfrage) or "the
cleaning" (die Reinigung). It is commonly stated that
approximately six million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust,
though estimates by historians using, among other sources,
1
records from the Nazi regime itself, range from five million to

Understanding Central Idea: Modeling Comprehension

Main Idea 1:
During WWII minority groups
were murdered by the Nazi
Party.

Main

Main Idea 2:
The Nazi Party used many
methods including killing
squads and extermination
camps.

Central Idea of Passage:

The Holocaust is the genocide
of minority groups of Europe
and North Africa during World
War II by Nazi Germany.

Main Idea 3:

Of the exterminated minority

populations, Jews were the
most prevalent.

Understanding Central Idea: Modeling Comprehension

In 3-5 sentences, write a summary for the article

entitled The Holocaust.
TheHolocaustwashorrificeventinourworldshistory.
The Holocaust refers to the genocide of minority groups
of Europe and North Africa during World War II by Nazi
Germany. The Nazi Party used many methods including
killing squads and extermination camps. Of the
exterminated minority populations, Jews were the most
prevalent.
*Note how the central idea and main ideas from the
previous graphic organizer were incorporated into
the summary.

The fact that electronic computers are now used for data
processing has led the general public to believe that it is a
mysterious, complicated science and that the computers
are giant brains. Both of these ideas are false. A computer is
machine that performs the functions it is told to. If the input
data are varied even a little, the computer is unable to
operate until it is programmed to accept the variations.
The business operations it performs are impressive only
because of the extremely high speed of manipulation, but

most of these operations

have been used for decades. One of the basic functions of
a computer is calculate and analyze numbers. Unlike man,
the
computer performs repetitive calculations without
getting tired or bored.
1. What is the implied central idea of the above written
paragraphs?
A). A computer is a high-speed adding machine.
B). A computer is a mysterious giant brain.

CENTRAL IDEA ACTIVITY

CENTRAL IDEA ACTIVITY 11 points

PART 1
Direction:
Read the passage carefully and identify the main ideas and the
central idea using the graphic organizer. (5 points)
Then in 3-5 sentences, write a short summary for the article. (6
points)
Main Idea 1:

Main Idea 2:

Central Idea of Passage:

Main Idea 3:

CENTRAL IDEA ACTIVITY

Cryptography is the study of information hiding and verification. It
includes the protocols, algorithms and strategies to securely and
consistently prevent or delay unauthorized access to sensitive information
andenableverifiabilityofeverycomponentinacommunication.
CryptographyisderivedfromtheGreekwords:krypts,"hidden",and
grphein, "to write" - or "hidden writing". People who study and develop
cryptography are called cryptographers. The study of how to circumvent
theuseofcryptographyforunintendedrecipientsiscalledcryptanalysis,or
codebreaking. Cryptography and cryptanalysis are sometimes grouped
together under the umbrella term cryptology, encompassing the entire
subject.In practice,"cryptography" is also often used torefer to the field
asawhole,especiallyasanappliedscience.
Cryptography is an interdisciplinary subject, drawing from several
fields. Before the time of computers, it was closely related to linguistics.
Nowadays the emphasis has shifted, and cryptography makes extensive
use of technical areas of mathematics, especially those areas collectively
knownasdiscretemathematics.
7

CENTRAL IDEA ACTIVITY

PART 2

Passage
1

Direction:
Read the passage carefully and identify the implied central idea.
Write the letter of your answer. (2 points)

CENTRAL IDEA ACTIVITY

Passage
2

Direction:
Read the passage carefully and identify the implied central idea.
Write the letter of your answer (2 points each)