DIABETES MELLITUS

Oleh
Dr. H. Muh. Muslim,
M.M.Kes

http://www.World Health
Organisation. Diabetes mellitus :
Report of a WHO Study
Group. World Health Organisation.
Geneva-Switzerland. 2006. S5-36.

DEFINITION ...
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is
characterized with chronic hyperglycemia caused by
abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action or
both.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which glucose
(simple sugar) in the blood is high because the body
cant release or use insulin.

3 Type of Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes

HISTORY
In 1552
BC

http://www.healthylifeindonesia.com/
sejarah-diabetes
/

in Egypt known disease characterized by

frequent urination and in large
quantities (polyuria)

an Indian writer named Sushratha call

In 400 BC the disease by Honey Urine Disease

In 200 BC

is exactly Aretaeus who reflected on the

disease the name Diabetes Mellitus"

PREVALENCE DATA

http://www.tokoherbalonline.com/terapi-diabetes-dengan-noni-juice/

Top 10 countries for number of people with Diabetes Mellitus in 2013

120

100

80

60

40

20

//www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figures

CARBOHIDRATE

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

(from food)

GLUCOSE

PANCREAS
DAMAGE

BLOOD STREAM

Can not be converted into

energy
LESS INSULIN

ACCUMULATE IN BLOOD

HIGH GLUCOSE LEVEL

DIABETES

M
E
C
H
A
N
I
S
M
E
O
F
D
M

CHEMISTRY REACTION

Carbohydrates
then

with

converted into glucose(C6H12O6).And

help

enzyme

glucose

6-phosphate

dehydrogenase and insulin ,glucose converted

into

glucose 6 phosphate. Because less insulin , so the

glucose can not be converted into energy. And then
glucose will accumulate in the blood. The buildup of
glucose will cause a rise in blood glucose levels.

The classic symptoms

WEIGHT LOSS

POLYFAGIA

SYMPTOMS
POLYURIA

POLYDIPSIA

The skin problems.

the healing
process
becomes long.

OTHER SYMPTOMS

Impotence in
men

visual impairment

METHOD AND EQUIPMENT

1. Urine test :
a) Benedict test
b) Dipstick test
2. Blood test :
a) Glucose nuchter test
b) Glucose fasting test
c) Glucose 2 hours post
prandial test
d) Oral glucose tolerant test
e) HbA1C

URIN
ANALYZER

ACCU TEST

REACTION TUBE

PHOTOMETER

I-Chroma

LAB RESULT
Blood Test
Normal

http://www.prodia.co.id
Impaired
fasting
glucose
-

Impaired
glucose
tolerance

Diabetes
mellitus

140 199

> 200

2 hour post
prandial
glucose
(mg/dL)

< 140

Fasting
plasma
glucose
(mg/dL)

<100

> 100< 126

> 126

Nuchter
glucose
(mg/dL)

<110

110 <126

> 200

HbA1c (%)

< 6,0

6,0 6,4

6,5

Urine Test
Blue: normal
Green to brass: positif 1
Yellow-brown: positif 2
Red brick: positif 3

MANAGEMENT CARE
Patients should be educated to practice self-care.
This allows the patient to assume responsibility
and control of his / her own diabetes management.
Self-care should include:

Healthy lifestyle/ diet or physical activity

Blood glucose monitoring
Body weight monitoring
Foot-care
Personal hygiene
Stopping smoking

TREATMENT
SULFONYLUREA
can decrease high blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin
secretion from pancreas cells.
BIGUANID
this drug works by increasing the bodys sensitivity to insulin
produced by the body it self.
ACARBOSE
works by slowing down the digestive of carbohydrates into
glucose.
INSULIN
insulin is injected as a drug for body insulin deficiency.
Treatment with insulin based on the condition of each patient
and the doctor to choose the type and dosage.

CONCLUSION
Diabetes mellitus (DM) or simply diabetes, is a group of
metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar.
This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent
urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.
Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing
enough insulin, or because cells of the body do not respond
properly to the insulin that is produced. There are three main
types of diabetes mellitus

DM TYPE 1

DM TYPE 2

DM GESTATIONAL

Prevention and treatment often involve a healthy diet,

physical exercise, not using tobacco, and being a normal
body weight. Blood pressure control and proper foot care are
also important for people with the disease.


THANK YOU ...