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Form
Properties of Form
Visual properties of form
1.Shape
2.Size
3.Color
4.Texture
Properties of Form
_shape
1. Shape
Shape results from the specific configuration of a forms surfaces and edges.
Characteristic outline of a plane figure or the surface configuration of a volumetric form.
Form often includes a sense of 3-dimensional mass or volume, shape refers more
specifically to the essential aspect of form that governs its appearance the
configuration or contours that delimit a figure or form.
Properties of Form
_shape
Properties of Form
_shape
Properties of Form
_size
2. Size
Physical dimension of a form; length, width and depth.
While these dimensions determine the proportions of form, its scale is determined by its
size relative to other forms in its contexts.
Properties of Form
_colour
Weightiest & dark
shaded
3. Colour
The hue, intensity, and tonal value of a forms surface.
Distinguishes a form from environment.
Affects the visual weight of a form.
Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen, Denmark
PalaisMosque),
des congrs
de Montral
The Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed
Istanbul,
Turkey
Properties of Form
_texture
4. Texture
the visual and tactile quality given to a surface by the shape, arrangement, and
proportions of the parts.
Properties of Form
ALL OF THESE VISUAL
PROPERTIES OF FORM ARE
AFFECTED BY THE CONDITIONS
UNDER WHICH WE VIEW THEM:
1.Perspective or angle of view
2.Distance from a form determines
its apparent size
3.Lighting conditions.
4.Visual field surrounding the form.
The lighting condition under which we view a form affects its clarity of its shape and
structure.
The visual field surrounding a form influences our ability and identify it.
Shape
Refers to the edge contour
of a plane.
it depends on the degree of
visual contrast between the
form and its background.
Shape
In architecture, we are
concerned with the shapes of:
Planes (walls, floors, ceilings)
that enclose the space.
Openings (windows and
doors)
The silhouettes of the building
form.
Shape
_Primary Shapes
Form geometry we know the regular
shapes to be the circle, and the infinite
series of regular polygons that can be
inscribed within it
Circle - A plane curve every
point of which is equidistant
from a fixed point within the
curve.
Triangle - A plane figure
bounded by three sides and
having three angle.
Square - A plane figure having
four sides and four right angle.
Shape
_Primary Shapes
1.
Circle
. Epidaurus Theater
Shape
_Primary Shapes
2. Triangle - a plane bounded by 3
sides and having 3 angles
Signifies stability.
When resting on one of its sides, the
triangle is an extremely stable figure.
Shape
_Primary Shapes
3. Square represents the pure and the
rational.
Primary Solids
.cubes, cones, spheres, cylinders or pyramids are the great primary forms that light reveals to
advantage; the image of these is distinct and tangible within us and without ambiguity. Its for this
reason that these are beautiful forms, the most beautiful forms. - Le Cabusier
Primary Solids
.Nicolas Ledoux
Primary Solids
Sphere, Cylinder
Sphere
A solid generated by revolution of a semicircle
at all its diameter
Centralized & highly concentrated form
Self-centering & stable
Cylinder
A solid generated by revolution of a rectangle
about one of its sides.
Is centralized along the axis (y-axis).
ls stable if rest on one of its circular space.
Unstable if inclined from vertical.
Primary Solids
Pyramid, Cone
Pyramid
Polygonal & triangular faces meeting at a common
point @ vertex.
Has a similar properties to cone - because of its flat
faces.
Stable when rest in all surfaces
If cone is soft, then pyramid is harder & angular.
Cone
A solid generated by revolution of a right triangle about
one of its sides.
Is highly stable form - resting on its circular base.
Unstable when vertical axis is tipped @ overturned.
Primary Solids
Cube
Exercise 1
.Make a discussion about the following buildings, using primary solids characteristics
Regular
Irregular
Nature
Characteristics
Similar
Dissimilar
Stability
Stable
Dynamic
Connectivity to
others
Inconsistent
Shape
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Formation
Transformed Dimensionally,
additive, subtraction
Subtracted or irregular
composition of regular
forms.
Exercise 2
Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, using the concept design
. of the irregular forms
Transformation of Forms
All other forms can be understood to be
transformations of the primary solids,
variations which are generated by ;
1. Dimensional Transformation; by
altering one or more of its dimensions.
2. Subtractive Transformation; by
subtracting a portion of its volume.
Transformation of Forms
Dimensional Transformation of a cube into a vertical
:slab
United dHabitation, Firminy-Vert, France, 1963-68, Le Corbusier
Transformation of Forms
_Dimensional
Transformation of Forms
_Dimensional
Dimensional Transformation of a
cube into a vertical slab;
United dHabitation, Firminy-Vert, France,
1963-68, Le Corbusier
Transformation of Forms
_Subtractive
A square
L configuration of
2 rectangles
Transformation of Forms
_Subtractive
Transformation of Forms
_Subtractive & Additive
Cumulative Composition
-additive form
- a rather easy type
-picturesque; full of movement
-can be completely disciplined by classification and
hierarchy
La Roche - Jeanneret Houses, Paris
Subtractive form
-very generous
-on the exterior an architectural will is confirmed
-on the interior all functional needs are satisfied
(light, penetration, continuity, circulation)
Villa Savoye, Paris
Transformation of Forms
_Additive
Transformation of Forms
_Additive
Additive forms configuration;
CENTRALIZED FORMS
A number of secondary forms clustered about a dominant,
central parent-form.
LINEAR FORM
Series of forms arranged sequentially in a row
RADIAL FORM
Composition of linear forms extending outward from a
central form in a radial manner
CLUSTERED FORM
Collection of forms grouped together by proximity or the
sharing of a common visual trait
GRID FORM
A set of modular forms related and regulated by a 3dimensional grid
Additive Form
_Centralized
It needs the visual dominance of a
geometrically regular, centrally
located form. e.g. sphere, cone,
cylinder.
These forms share the self- center
properties of the point & circle.
Ideal as free standing structures
isolated within their context,
dominating a point in space,
occupying the centre of a defined field
They can embody sacred @ honorific
places @ commemorate significant.
Additive Form
_Centralized
To be continue.