BOILER

EFFICIENCY
BDA 37101 ENGINEERING LABORATORY V
LECTURER: EN. AHMAD DAUD BIN MOHD DAIM
STUDENTS: AHMAD SABREE BIN ABDUL BASIT (AD 110148)
MUHAMAD ARIF BIN SAMSUDDIN (AD 110173)
NIK MUHAMMAD HISHAMUDDIN BIN NICK HAMASHOLDIN
(AD110140)

INTRODUCTION
Boiler
A Boiler means a pressure vessel in which steam is generated for use
external to itself by application of heat which is wholly or partly under
pressure when steam is shut off but does not include a pressure vessel
1. With Capacity less than 25 ltrs (such capacity being measured from
the feed check valve to the main steam stop valve);
2. With less than 1 kilogram per centimeter square design gauge
pressure & working gauge pressure; or
3. In which water is heated below one hundred degree centigrade .

OBJECTIVES
After completing the experiment, students shall be able to:
1. Calculate the boiler efficiency
2. Determine the boiler equivalent evaporation
3. Calculate the thermal efficiency based on BS845

APPARATUS
The series 90 Bradlee steam boiler is of the three pass, flame reversal
fully wet back design constructed in accordance with BS2790.

PROCEDURES
1. The boiler is set to raised steam at the required condition and allowed
condition to stabilize.

PROCEDURES
1. Note the time and run the boiler on loads, taking reading of the
quantities of fuel and feed water used during the test.

PROCEDURES
Measure the dryness fraction using the Separating and Throttling
Calorimeter. The flue gas should be measured using a Combustion
Analyser.

PROCEDURES
Take reading of the quantities listed on the data sheet. Measure the
temperature and pressure of the boiler gas fuel supply, when is used
to fire the boiler. Steam pressure and feed water temperature,
together with relevant flow rates, shall be held at steady as possible
and at the level close to normal operating condition.
Following the establishment of the steady state, the test shall be of
sufficient duration for at least 6 complete sets of reading of fuel input
or heat output rate, flue gas temperature and flue gas analysis to be
carried out at 10 minutes interval.

OBSERVATIONS
1. The atmospheric pressure is remain constant which is 1.020 bar.g.
2. All the reading is being recorded at 6 bar.g to 8 bar.g.
3. The time is maintain at 600 seconds (10 minutes) for each reading.
4. We can see that most of the reading is constant as the pressure increase except for
the steam and flue temperature.
5. For this experiment, the reading of flue CO2, O2, and CO are being neglected.
6. The steam mass flow rate is being recorded in cmHg unit and need to be converted
into kg/hr.
7. The initial and final value for the feedwater and oil are recorded to determine the
quality and quantity used.
8. The dryness fraction of the steam is 0.85.

RESULTS

RESULTS

DISCUSSTIONS
When doing the calculations, we assumed the dryness fraction is
equal to 0.85. to obtain the value of boiler efficiency, we have to
divide the value of energy gained by the fluid with fluid with value of
total energy input. The value of boiler efficiency, equivalent
evaporation, and thermal efficiency are 2.47%, 0.00134 kg/s, 90.64%
respectively.
To get the ideal or higher boiler efficiency, we need more boiler
pressure.

CONCLUSION
The experiment was successful, and the objectives were achieved.
When running the experiment, safety rules in the lab should be
followed to avoid injuries occur.