Education in China

By:
Annisa Novidya

Education in the People's Republic of Chinais a

state-run system ofpublic educationrun by

theMinistry of Education. All citizens must attend
school for at least nine years.
The Ministry of Education reported a 99 percent
attendance rate for primary school and an 80
percent rate for both primary and middle
schools.
In 1985, the government abolished taxfundedhigher education, requiring university
applicants to compete forscholarshipsbased on
academic ability. In the early 1980s the
government allowed the establishment of the
firstprivate schools.

History of education in China

Thehistory of education in Chinabegan
with the birth ofChinese civilization. The nobles
often set up the educational establishments for
their offsprings.
1. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
The schools to teach the youth nobles were
divided into "lower" (xiaxiang) and upper
(shangxiang ). The government founded
five national schools to educateSix Artsof
junior nobles.

2. Qin era
In the 200's BC,Qin Shi Huang favored Legalism
(Chinese philosophy), and regarded others as either
dangerous to his rule or useless. The nature of Qin
society meant that women were usually not educated
and stayed home to do housework.
3. Han era
Emperor Wu of HanfavoredConfucianismand made it
as the national educational doctrine. By 25 CE, the
Taixue had an enrollment of 30,000 students, 7,000
faculty, 240 buildings, and 1,850 rooms. Confucian
scholars set up their private schools as well.
Meanwhile art schoolPear Gardenappeared in early
8th century, and in 1178 national military school was
set up.

4. Early modern period

Imperial examinationbegan at 605, which
required the competitors to pass their local
cutting score before the final examination in
the capital. So the private school prevailed.
5. Qing era
Education in theQing Dynastywas dominated
by provincialacademies, which did not charge
tuition and gave stipends to preselected
students. Professors rarely lectured students,
instead offering advice and criticizing
research.

6. Republican era
Education was mostly decentralized in this
period, since China was politically disunited,
withChinese warlordsand foreign
imperialists,especially the Japanese,
occupying significant chunks of Chinese
territory.
7. People's Republic
After the 1949Chinese Revolution,
theCommunistauthorities condemned
excessive study of thehumanitiesandsocial
sciences, considering them wasteful and
deleterious to China's industrialization.

Thank You...