Anatomy of Upper

Limb-1
Humaryant
o

Anatomy :
Surface anatomy
Osteology (bones)
Muscles (include origin,
insertion)
vascular (artery, vein) & nerve
Ligament, joint, fascia
Lymph system

Parts and regions

Shoulder region
junction of arm and trunk
Arm between should
and elbow
Elbow bend of arm,
joint between arm and
forearm
Forearm between
elbow and hand
Hand

Surface anatomy
Shoulder region: acromion, spine of
scapula, coracoid process, greater
tubercle, anterior and posterior axillary
folds
Arm medial and lateral biceps brachii
furrow, deltoid tuberosity
Elbow medial and lateral epicondyles,
head of radius, olecranon, tendon of
biceps brachii
Forearm between elbow and hand
Hand styloid process, dorsal tubercle

Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb

Surface features of the

Shoulder
Acromioclavicular Joint
Acromiun
Humerus
Greater Tubercle
Deltoid Muscle

12-5

Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb

Surface Features of the

Armpit
apex
base
axillary lymph
nodes
anterior wall
posterior wall
medial wall
lateral wall

12-6

Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb

Surface Features of
the Arm & Elbow
Humerus
Biceps brachii
muscle
Triceps brachii
muscle
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Olecron
Ulnar nerve
Cubital fossa
Median cubital vein
Brachial Artery
Bicipital
aponeurosis

12-7

Surface Anatomy of Upper Limb

Biceps + Triceps brachii

Olecrenon Process
Medial Epicondyle
Cubital Fossa
Anterior surface elbow
Contents
Median Cubital Vein
Brachial Artery
Median Nerve

Boundaries
Medial= Pronator teres
Lateral= Brachioradialis
Superior= Line between epicondyles

pg 786 + 784

Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb

Surface Features
of the Forearm &
Wrist
Ulna
Radius
Muscles
Radial Artery
Pisiform Bone
Anatomical
Snuffbox
(TABATIERE
ANATOMICUM)
Wrist Creases

12-9

Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb

12-10

Surface
Anatomy of
Upper Limb

Carpal Tunnel
Carpals concave
anteriorly
Carpal ligament covers it
Contains: long tendons,
Median nerve
Inflammation of tendons
= compression of Median
nerve

Anatomical Snuffbox
(tabatiere anatomicum)

pg 306, 788

Lateral = E.pollicis brevis

Medial = E. pollicis
longus
Floor = scaphoid, styloid
of radius
Contains Radial Artery
(pulse)

Sceleton Extremitatis
Superioris
Os humerus
Os radius
Os ulna
Ossa carpalia =
ossa carpi (8)

Ossa
metacarpalia
(5)
Phalanges (jarijari; tunggal =
phalanx)

Os naviculare = Os
Scaphoideum
Os lunatum
Os triquetrum
Os pisiforme
Os multangulum
majus =
Os
trapezium
Os multangulum
minus =
Os
trapezoideum
Os capitatum
Os hamatum

12

Joints of Upper
Extremity

Sternoclavicular
Synovial-saddle
Diarthrosis

Acromioclavicular
Synovial-plane
Diarthrosis

Glenohumeral joint

Synovial-ball&socket
Diarthrosis
Many ligaments
Muscle
reinforcement
Great Mobility

Joints of the Upper

Extremity
Elbow Joint
Synovial hinge
Diarthrosis

Articulations
Humerus & Ulna
Humerus & Radius

Many Ligaments

Joints of Upper Extremity

Proximal Radioulnar
joint
Synovial - pivot
Diarthrosis

Distal Radioulnar joint

Synovial pivot
Diarthrosis

Allows pronation and

supination of forearm

Joints of the
Upper
Extremity

Radiocarpal joint
Synovial-condyloid
Distal radius with
proximal row of carpals

Intercarpal joints
Synovial-plane

Carpal-metacarpal (25)
Synovial-plane

Trapeziummetacarpal 1
Synovial-saddle

Metacarpalphalangeal
Synovial-condyloid

Interphalangeal
Synovial-hinge

ALL DIARTHROSES

scapula
The scapula forms
the posterior part of
the shoulder girdle.
It is a flat,
triangular bone,
with two surfaces,
three borders, and
three angles
The costal/ventral
surface
Fossa subscapularis
Angulus
subscapularis

Scapula
1.two surfaces
anterior surface: subscapular fossa
dorsal surface: spine of scapula
acromion
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
2. three borders:(superior,lateral,medial)
superior border coracoid process
3. three angles (the superior, inferior and
lateral )
lateral angle glenoid cavity
inferior angle the 7th rib

The dorsal
surface
supraspinat
ous fossa,
infraspinato
us fossa.
Spina
scapulae ( a
prominent
plate)
acromion

Processus
coracoideus
Attachment
m.pectoralis minor
Attachment of
coracoacromial
ligament
Conjoined tendon :
coracobrachialis,
bicep brachii (short
head)

Humerus
Caput humeri
nearly hemispherical in
form,
is directed upward,
medialward, and a little
backward,
articulates with the
glenoid cavity of the
scapula.
The anatomical neck,
the surgical neck
(frequently the seat of
fracture).
Fracture of the
anatomical neck rarely
occurs

The humerus: is a long bone ,has a body

(shaft) and two ends (extremities)
The upper (proximal) end : head of humerus
lateral greater tubercle
anterior lesser tubercle
surgical neck
Body: deltoid tuberosity
sulcus for radial nerve
The lower end: lateral capitulum
medial trochlea
coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa
lateral and medial epicondyles
sulcus for ulnar nerve

 Tuberculum majus
Lateral caput humerus &
tuberculum minus
Insersi m. Supraspinatus, m.
Infraspinatus, m. Teres minor

Tuberculum minus
Directed medialward &
forward
Insersi m. Subscapularis

Intertubercular/bicipital
groove
Dilalui oleh long tendon
biceps brachii, cabang arteri
circumflex humerus anterior

crests of the greater and

lesser tubercles (bicipital
ridges),

 Permukaan antero-lateral
Tuberositas deltoid (insersi m.deltoid)
Sulcus radialis (n.radialis, a.profunda)

Permukaan antero-medial
Insersi m.latissimus dorsi, m.coracobrachialis
Pd distal origo m.brachialis

Permukaan posterior
M. Triceps brachii (caput lateral, caput
medial)

Bagian distal humerus

Lateral : Capitulum humerus (artikulasi dgn
caput radii), Fossa radii
Medial : Trochlea, sisi lateral radius, medial
artikulasi dgn ulna (semilunar notch)
Fossa coronoid
Fossa olecranon
Foramen supratrochlear
Epicondylus lateral
Epicondylus medial

Radius
Caput radii
(ligamen annular)
Column radii
Tuberositas radii,
insersi tendon
biceps brachii
Corpus radii
Margo volaris :
origo flexor
digitorum
sublimis, flexor
pollicis longus,
insersi supinator,
insersi pronator
quadratus,
insersi tendon
brachioradialis
Margo dorsalis
Crista interossea

Radius
Facies volaris : origo
flexor pollicis longus,
pronator quadratus,
ligamen radiocarpal
volar, foramen nutrient
Facies dorsalis :
covered by supinator,
origo abductor pollicis
longus (above),
Extensor pollicis brevis
(below)
Facies lateralis : insersi
supinator, pronator
teres, lower part
covered by tendon
abd.poll.longus,
ext.poll.brevis

ulna
Processus coronoideus
Incisura semilunaris dibentuk
oleh olecranon & processus
coronoideus, tmp artikulasi dgn
trochlea humerus
Incisura radialis, depresi artikulasi
sisi lateral processus coronoideus,
mrp sirkumferensial permukaan
artikular caput radius
Corpus ulna
Margo volaris (anterior) : origo
M.FDP, pronator quadratus
Margo dorsalis : aponeurosis FCU,
ECU, FDP
Crista interossea
Facies volaris (FDP, pronator
quadratus)
Facies dorsalis (supinator, abductor
pollicis longus, exstensor pollicis
longus, extensor indicis propius
Facies medialis (FDP)

Carring angle

1650 1700

The carpal
bones
eight in number, are
arranged in two rows.
Those of the proximal
row, from the radial
to the ulnar side, are
named the
navicular, lunate,
triangular, and
pisiform;
those of the distal
row, in the same
order, are named the
greater
multangular, lesser
multangular,
capitate, and
hamate

Common
Characteristics of
the Carpal Bones

Each bone (excepting the

pisiform) presents six
surfaces.
Of these the volar or anterior
and the dorsal or posterior
surfaces are rough, for
ligamentous attachment; the
dorsal surfaces being the
broader, except in the
navicular and lunate.
The superior or proximal, and
inferior or distal surfaces are
articular, the superior
generally convex, the inferior
concave;
the medial and lateral
surfaces are also articular
where they are in contact

Os
naviculare

Os lunate

Os
triangular

Os
pisiforme

The Greater Multangular Bone

(os multangulum majus;
trapezium)

The Lesser Multangular

Bone (os multangulum
minus; trapezoid bone)

Os capitatum

Os hamate

metacarpus
consists of five
cylindrical bones which
are numbered from the
lateral side (ossa
metacarpalia I-V);
each consists of a body
and two extremities
The body (corpus,
shaft)
The base/carpal
extremity (basis)
The head/digital
extremity (capitulum)