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5506)
CHAPTER ONE: LOAD AND LOAD
EFFECTS
Instructor: Dawit A.
.CONTD
The
2 ground
2
above
the
C e (Z ) C
r ( Z )C t ( Z ) 1
C
(
Z
)
C
(
Z
)
r
t
The wind pressure
(acting on the
External
Wind Pressure
external surface
of the structure) is a function of the reference
wind velocity which is given by:
1
2
2]
q ref =Vref
[N/mm
2
Where = air density [kg/m3]
Table Values of Air density
Contd
the external pressure
=
W
C e ( z e )C pe q ref
Internal pressure
arises due to openings,
Internal
Wind pressure
such as windows, doors and vents, in the
cladding
In general if the wind panel has a great
proportion than the leeward panel, then
the interior of the structure is subjected to
positive (outward) pressure
Conversely if the leeward has more
openings, then the interior is subjected to
Ce Z
i
i C pi q ref height for internal
Wherew
Zi
=the
reference
pressure equal to the mean height of the
openings
Cpi = the internal pressure coefficient. The
magnitude of Cpi depends on the distribution of
openings around the building.
Fw we wi Aref
Seismic Design
An
Contd
Open
framed
together to
produce
moment
resisting
building,
function
as
lateral
load
Fb S d (Ti )W
S d (Ti ) =
oI
is the ratio of
acceleration to g
1 .2 S
2 / 3 2 .5
T
the
design
bed
rock
contd
S = is the site coefficient for soil characteristic
given as
Subclass
A-
includes
rock,
stiff
deposits,
T CH
( Fb Ft )Wi hi
n
W h
j 1
Fi =