I Have Not Failed. I've Just Found 10,000 Ways That Won't Work

CHAPTER 4 CREATIVITY AND
INNOVATION IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
I have not failed. I've just found

10,000 ways that won't work.
Thomas Edison
BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP
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MATHIVANNAN JAGANATHAN
JAGANATHAN
OBJECTIVES:
Discuss the main components of creative process, ways to develop

creativity & methods to generate creativity.
To identify barriers to creativity
Discuss 4 types of innovation.
Review some of the myths associated with innovation & to explain
10 principles of innovation.
Define the concept of technopreneur & technopreneurship.
Discuss the prospects of science & technology to entrepreneurs
(biotech, agrotech, ICT, automotive & aerospace)
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INTRODUCTION
To be in business & to manage a business successfully,

entrepreneurs must be creative & innovative.
In today's hyper-competitive business world the need to be creative

& innovative is very important. The more creative & innovative an
entrepreneur is, the better (more competitive)
The ability to be creative & innovative will place an entrepreneur a

step ahead of his competitors.
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INTRODUCTION
Therefore, the ability to be creative & innovative is a key
to the survival of a business.
Example:
An
entrepreneur will be left behind if his competitors are ahead

of him in applying creative & innovative methods of operation, if
competitors are more effective, efficient & more productive & if
the competitors are able to produce better & higher quality
products which enable to attract more customers.
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DEFINITION OF CREATIVITY
Creativity is the generation of ideas that result in the improved

efficiency or effectiveness of a system (Kuratko & Hodgetts 2005)
Efficient means better usage of resources such as materials, time,

space, money so that the cost will be minimized, therefore you get
greater output with the same input.
Effective means you are able to achieve your aim/objective.
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CREATIVITY
There are two important aspects of creativity: Process & People.
Process is designed to attain a solution to a problem.
People are the resources that determine the solution.
Usually, the process remains the same, but the approach people use
will vary.
For example: sometimes people adapt/follow an old solution , and at

other times people will formulate a new & highly innovative solution to
a problem.
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THE CREATIVE PROCESS
Ideas are not produced spontaneously, most of the time an idea is

produced/developed through a Creative Process (Kuratko & Hodgetts
2005)
Phase 1: Background or Knowledge Accumulation
Phase 2: The Incubation Process
Phase 3: The Idea Experience
Phase 4: Evaluation and Implementation
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THE CREATIVE THINKING PROCESS

2.Incubation
1.Knowledge
Accumulation
Creative
Process
3.Idea
experience
4.Evaluation
and
Implementation
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PHASE 1: BACKGROUND OR
KNOWLEDGE ACCUMULATION
Creative process started by gathering information! Research,

investigation & extensive reading, conversations with others,
attending meeting, workshops & general absorption of information
relative to the problem or issue at hand.
However, additional investigation in both related and unrelated issue
is sometimes useful.
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CONTINUE PHASE 1
Several methods to gain knowledge/information:
Read in variety of fields
Join professional groups & associations
Attend professional meetings & seminars
Travel to new places
Talk to anyone and everyone about your subject
Scan magazines, newspapers and journals for articles related to the

subject
Develop a subject library for future reference
Carry small notebook and record useful information and etc.
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PHASE 2: INCUBATION PROCESS
Entrepreneurs do not engaged directly in the activities that has the

connection with the subject/problem in phase
At this phase, entrepreneurs allow their subconscious mind to mull over
the tremendous amounts of information they gather during phase
Getting away from the problem & letting the subconscious mind to work
on allows creativity to trigger.
Some of the most helpful steps to induce incubation:
Engage in routine mindless activities (ex:cutting grass, painting,
exercise, cooking, fishing, relaxing, sleeping etc.)
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PHASE 3-THE IDEA EXPERIENCE
Most exciting phase. At this phase the idea which individual is

seeking is discovered. Sometimes referred as eureka factor
This idea might be discovered suddenly, while the person is busy
doing something unrelated to the problem (taking a shower, driving
or walking).
However, idea that emerged during this phase is still considered to
be raw idea that needs to go to the next phase.
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PHASE 4-EVALUATION &

IMPLEMENTATION
Most difficult phase & requires a great deal of courage, selfdiscipline and perseverance.
Usually idea produced from Phase 3 is in rough form, it needs to be
modified, evaluated or tested to put it in final shape.
Entrepreneurs will fail several times before they successfully
develop their best ideas.
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METHODS TO GENERATE CREATIVE IDEAS
1) Focus Group
2) Brainstorming
3) Problem Inventory Analysis
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FOCUS GROUPS
Being used since 1950s. Focus Group is made up of between 8-14

people, experts of different background of different knowledge &
skills is grouped together to discuss & find solution to a certain
problem).
Moderator is needed to guide & focus the discussion by asking
simple & provoking questions related to the problems or topic of
interest.
Provoking questions by the moderator will generate more ideas &
feedback from the group. Everyone will give their comments &
opinions.
Finally only the best idea will be recommended for implementation.
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BRAINSTORMING
1.
2.
3.
4.
The popular technique- A group method for obtaining new ideas &
solutions
Usually useful for generating ideas related to products or markets.
The brainstorming method is conducted in a conducive way, enjoyable
and free from pressure. However it must comply with 4 important rules;
Criticism & negative comments are not allowed. these will stop the
flow of ideas.
Free flow of ideas are encouraged. even funny/silly ideas!!
Quantity of ideas is desired. The more the ideas the better.
Combination of ideas are also encouraged.
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PROBLEM INVENTORY ANALYSIS
A method for obtaining new ideas & solutions by focusing on

problems.
Instead of generating new ideas themselves, the company usually
ask the customers to provide the feedbacks on problems of the
product.
The customers are then asked to identify and discuss the problems
of the product.
Through this method, new ideas to rectify or to solve the problems of
the product can be obtained easily.
Problem Inventory Analysis can also be used to test a new product
idea.
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BARRIERS TO CREATIVITY
There are several barriers to creative thinking:
Late to react - nowadays everything is moving at a faster pace. To be

creative one must react & think fast. Otherwise will be left behind.
Risk averse tend to take safe action/decision to minimize risk.

Avoiding risk, too scared of failure/criticism are barriers to creativity.
Stereotype thinking- i.e. not to have something that is different from

others, afraid of changes & stereotype inclination. According to E.de
Bono (1970), human must change the way they think to increase
creativity. Try something different!! New ways, new methods.
Judging by perception/assumption- Dont make decision based on

perception/assumptions. Decision should be made based on reality.
However, good decision can be achieved through a combination of
intuition & logic. (heart & mind).
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THE CREATIVE CLIMATE/ENVIRONMENT
A management that trusts their employees (not overcontrolling).

Open channels of communication in organization.
Open communication with outside the organisation
Diversity of personalities
A willingness to accept change
Enjoy trying new ideas (experimenting)
Fearless of mistakes or failures
Rewards and promotion of employees based on their creativity
Applying the techniques that encourage ideas, eg:suggestion system
& brainstorming
Sufficient financial, managerial, human and time resources to
accomplish goals.
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CREATIVE ENVIRONMENT
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INNOVATION
The process by which entrepreneurs convert opportunities into

marketable ideas.
More than just a good idea.
Innovation is a process of creation and implementing new idea

(Hellriegel, Jackson & Slocum, 2002)
Innovation is the process by which entrepreneurs convert

opportunities into marketable ideas.
Creativity becomes the pre-condition/pre-requisite to innovation.
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PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE

TWO BRAIN HEMISPHERES
Left Hemisphere
Verbal
Analytical
Abstract
Rational
Logical
Linear
Right Hemisphere
Nonverbal
Synthesizing
Seeing Analogies
Nonrational
Spatial (space, size, shape of objects)
Intuitive
Imaginative
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4 TYPES OF INNOVATION
Invention
Extension
Duplication
Synthesis
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TYPES OF INNOVATION
Invention
-The creation of a new product, service or process which is novel and
untried. Ex:Wright Brothers-Airplane, Thomas Edison-lightbulb
Extension (Pengembangan)
-The expansion of existing product, service or process. Such concepts
make a different application of a current idea.Ex: Mobilephone-Size,
function, colour: shampoo Pantene new product with conditioner.
Duplication (Penyalinan)
-The replication of an already existing product, service and process. The
duplication effort is not simply copying but adding the entrepreneurs
own creative touch to enhance or improve the concept to beat the
competition. Existing product becomes the reference. Eg: Marrybrown
Synthesis (Sintesis)
-The combination of existing concepts and factors into a new
formulation. Taking a numbers of ideas or items already invented and
finding a way to form a new application. Eg:Internet (computer &
telecomunication system)
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SOURCES OF INNOVATION
1)Unexpected Occurrences
2)Incongruities
3)Process Needs
4)Industry and Market Changes
5)Demographic Changes
6)Perceptual Changes
7)Knowledge-Based Concepts
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DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
Changes in population, age, education levels, types of occupations,

geographic locations, etc.
Demographic shifts are important & provide entrepreneurial
opportunities to the entrepreneurs.
Eg: Demographic changes become a source of innovation to
entrepreneurs. Nurseries for children, private colleges, tuition
centres, Health & Care centers for older people, etc.
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UNEXPECTED OCCURRENCES
The unexpected, unanticipated or unplanned event. Might end up to be a

major innovative surprise to the firm or entrepreneurs.
Innovation may arise when something good happens without prior
planning (unexpected).
Happens when you give attention to something else but other ideas may
emerge that can also be beneficial.
Originally computer was invented to make the process of
documentation, database & to make calculation easier, but later it
becomes tool for office management, entertainment & communication.
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PROCESS NEEDS
Process needs exist whenever a demand arises for entrepreneurs

to innovate & answer a particular need.
Eg; the process of taking good care of our health leads to: the
creation of health food, sugar-free drinks, supplementary foods,
minerals & vitamins, etc.
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INDUSTRY & MARKET CHANGES
Innovation due to changes in consumer behaviors or attitudes,

advancements in technology, industry growth.
Industries & markets are always undergoing changes
Eg: strong market demand for organic foods, demand for compact &
economical car, etc.
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KNOWLEDGE-BASED CONCEPTS
Invention & innovation based on knowledge (R&D)
Inventions are considered as knowledge-based; producing product

based on new ideas, new way of thinking, new methods and new
knowledge. R&D requires long period of time to materialize, need
to test & modify, making improvement & re-test.
Usually done by experts in certain disciplines.
Ex: robotic usage in manufacturing, hybrid cars, bio-fuel etc.
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INCONGRUITIES.
Occur whenever a gap exists between expectations & reality.
Eg: Mail delivery at night was at first thought to be not suitable for
express-mail business, but FedEx want something innovative. They
tried overnight mail delivery (deliver mails 24 hours day & night).
This innovation turned out to be a profitable business. So dont be
afraid to do something different!!.
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PERCEPTUAL CHANGES
Changes occur in peoples interpretation of facts & concepts.

Perceptions can cause major changes in market demand, thus
generate ideas for innovation.
Eg: Perception about obesity can lead to health problems offer

opportunities to entrepreneurs. This perception creates high demand
for health equipment/facilities & fitness classes (gyms). - fitness craze
phenomena.
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5 MAJOR INNOVATION MYTHS
Myth 1: Innovation is planned & predictable

This myth is based on the old concept that innovation should be left to
the R&D Dept. In reality, innovation is unpredictable & anyone can
come out with innovative ideas.
Myth 2: Technical specifications should be thoroughly prepared
Thorough preparation often takes too long. Quite often it is more
important to use a try/test/revise approach.
Myth 3: Creativity relies on dreams & blue-sky ideas
Innovators are very practical people, not day dreamers. They convert
ideas into realities.
Myth 4: Big projects will develop better innovations than smaller
ones.
This myth has been proven false. Larger firms are now encouraging
their people to work in smaller groups, easier to generate creative
ideas.
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5 MAJOR INNOVATION MYTHS
Myth 5: Technology is the driving force of innovation & success.

Technology is certainly one source of innovation but customers &
market also are the driving force behind any innovation. In fact,
market-driven or customer-based innovations have the highest
probability of success.
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PRINCIPLES OF INNOVATION
1. Be action oriented.
Innovators must be active & always searching for ideas, opportunities or
sources of innovation.
2. Make the product, process or service simple & understandable.
People must easily u/stand how the innovation works.
3. Make the product, process or service customer-based.
Entrepreneurs must keep customers in mind. The more user-based the
product, the more it will be accepted.
4. Start small.
Innovators should attempt to do small scale projects. Incrementally tries
to proceed with big project in the future.
5. Aim high.
Innovators should aim high for success & seek niche in the m/place.
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PRINCIPLES OF INNOVATION
6. Try/test/revise.
Always follow the rule of try, test & revise. This will help work out any
flaws/defects in the product, process & service.
7. Learn from failures.
Innovation does not guarantee success. Failures often give rise to
innovations.
8. Follow a milestone schedule.
Follow schedule that indicates milestone accomplishments. Although a
bit ahead or behind schedule, it is still important to have a schedule in
order to plan & evaluate the project.
9. Reward heroic activity.
This principle applies more to those involved in seeking & motivating
others to innovate. Innovative activity should be rewarded & given
proper amount of respect. Management must tolerate & accept failures
in carrying out an innovation work. Innovative work must be seen as
heroic activity.
10. Work, work, work.
It takes work, not genius or mystery to innovate successfully.
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Technopreneur
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TECHNOPRENEURSHIP &
TECHNOPRENEURS
Technopreneurship? application & usage of technology in production

of a product, in business management & in business decision making.
Technopreneur? entrepreneur who has the ability & skills to use
sophisticated & high technologies in running their businesses.
Gov. through MOSTI encourages & supports entrepreneurs to use
science & technology in running & managing their businesses.
Technopreneurship is still a new field in Malaysia, but it should not
become a barrier to our entrepreneurs to get involved in this field.
Science, technology & innovation are central to success in today's
modern economy.
The gov. through MOSTI introduced The Second National Science &
Technology Policy.
This policy will put in place programmes, institutions & technological
partnerships to enhance Malaysias economic position.
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MAIN FOCUS OF 2ND NATIONAL POLICY ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ARE:
2nd National Science and Technology Policy with the main focus:
i.
Enhancing capability and capacity of the country in the acquisition and

research and technology development.
Encourage cooperation between public organizations and industry
Improving knowledge transfer
Positioning Malaysia as a technology provider in certain areas.
ii.
iii.
iv.
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es of Technology in Entrepreneurs
5 types of businesses where technology is greatly used;
Biotechnology
Agrotechnology
ICT
Automotive
Aerospace
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
The combination of both biology + technology=biotechnology.

Biology is a study on living things, whilst technology is an application of
science to solve problems or to produce products that can benefits
human beings.
Biotechnology includes any technique that uses living organisms, or parts
of organisms, to make/modify products, improve plants/animals, or to
develop micro-organisms for specific uses.
Biotechnology is based on molecular level biology in order to produce
new product
Biotechnology apply knowledge of organism to provide new product &
generate new industrial process. Also known as a process of genetic
modification/genetic engineering.
To produce new animal/plant breeds that are disease resistance, high
yield in quantity within shorter time compared to original breed.
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology can be utilised for various needs not only to enhance

agricultural products of plants, fishes & livestock, but also the healthcare & herbs industries.
Through biotechnology, certain genetic can be transferred from original
micro animal /plant organism to a new life form.
To produce better products that will benefit humankind & able to be
commercialized by entrepreneurs.
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Started 10,000 years ago by Egyptians, biotech has been used in the
manufacturing of beer, wine, vinegar, cheese & bread. (yeast)
Chinese has been said using Soya bean curds with mushrooms to cure
certain diseases. It becomes the first antibiotic being introduced to the
world.
The discovery of cheese & yogurt based on dairy that has been exposed
or expired. This is considered as good bacteria for the health of a
human.
Biotechnology has also been used in the pharmaceutical industry. Eg;
Penicillin is used in the treatment of infections & insulin to patients
suffering from diabetes.
Biotechnology has gained great importance in other areas for instance
bio-ethanol used as fuel, enzymes used in washing powder &
biodegradable plastic materials.
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Chronology of Modern Biotechnology:

Year
Biotechnology Product
1930s
Penicillin antibiotics
1960s
Molecular Technology
1970s
Genetic engineering technique
1980s
Human insulin hormone
1994
Tomato transgenic late ripe
1997
Dolly cloning the first animal-sheep
21 Century
DNA human genome can be obtained.
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USES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology in food industry
-Helps in producing nutritious food, and vitamins. Example: production of
rice that contain beta-carotene, rich in Vitamin A.
Biotechnology in medicine industry
-production of insulin for diabetics patients.
Biotechnology and Environment
-Handling of waste from both industrial & agricultural production through
bio-degradation of toxic compounds.
Biotechnology in agricultural industry
-Cloning (the process of producing plants or animal from its tissues that
exactly the same as its parent. To achieve good quality plants and
animal in terms of color, size, nutritious contents,
-Nowadays, cloning becomes an issue whether the breed that has been
produced is safe or not for human consumption.
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Biotechnology in agricultural industry

Cross-breed and hybrid
Involved the natural transition of genetics from 2 same organism to produce
new breed/gene.
Example of transgenic plant using biotechnology technique such as:
Late ripe tomatoes
Soya beans getting the enzyme from bacteria
Cotton B+ resistance form larva insect attacks
Papaya that disease resistance
Rice with beta carotene
Polly sheep getting human gene to help blood clot for hemophilia patients.
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AGROTECHNOLOGY
Involve application of equipment & technological process, and

efficient agricultural technique in the process of crops production (eg;
rice harvesting twice a year to 3-4 times per year)
Application of high technology in livestock production.
Modern technique is applied to produce higher quality and greater
quantity of crops & livestock within a short time.
Major constraint to promote agrotechnology -lack of expertise.
Malaysia still depend on other country for food supply. Imported
RM10b of foods in 2005.
The govt had announced a revolution on agricultural industry to help
farmers to use varieties of high technology which includes
biotechnology & nuclear technology.
Govt is trying to expose the local entrepreneurs the importance &
opportunity in agricultural sector.
Outcomes- more agricultural products, new production methods &
better marketing approaches.
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AGROTECHNOLOGY
Nuclear Technology in Agricultural Industry
Using nuclear technology in producing new seeds through radiation

-production of quality genetically modified seeds.
Nuclear technology also has been used in pesticide residue testing in
vegetables and in food processing.
Agency responsible in the application of nuclear technology in agricultural
industry in Malaysia is Malaysia Institute of Nuclear Technology (MINT).
MINT is one public research institute that functions under the umbrella of
MOSTI. Main activity of MINTs RTD (research & technology development)
are the 6 main disciplines namely industrial technology, radiation processing
technology, medical technology, agro technology and bioscience, radiation
safety and environment.
Several nuclear techniques that has been developed includes pesticide

research, hydrology management, agro-research, food preservation, etc.
Among successful genetically modified plants that have been produced are;
better banana, paddy, ground nuts & plants with better quality such as more
output, shorter plant, early matured, tastier, and etc.
Nuclear technology also has been used to clone cows.
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

History
When & how the era of communication begins in Malaysia?
In 1870s, telegraph has been introduced as communication tools.
Purpose-enable the British people communicate with the outsider.
first time at the British Resident house in Perak. In 1963, television first
known to Malaysian as one form of telecommunication media besides
the telex (data communication tools).
In 1985, Malaysian commenced applying wireless communication by
using cellular radio. ATUR as the first system.
Telecommunication in Malaysia begin proliferate since 1987 when
Jabatan Telekom Malaysia (JTM) has been corporatized as Syarikat
Telekom Malaysia Berhad (STMB).
The growing telecommunication industry in Malaysia give a lot of
advantages to the entrepreneur to offer different kinds of product. In
addition, with the establishment of Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC)as a supporting mechanism.
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ICT IN MALAYSIA
Programmes & trainings were planned by govt to encourage

entrepreneurs to get involve in ICT based businesses.
The existence of Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC)- eases flow of
latest technology, to attract foreign investors to invest in Malaysia in
ICT businesses. MSC is designed to leapfrog Malaysia into the
information & knowledge age.
Govt strategy-to enhance the usage of fixed line ownership, usage of
Internet, ownership of personal computer and subscribing mobile
telephone in order to achieve 25 to 35% in 2005 as a strategy to
increase the access of ICT in Malaysia.
ICT business has grown rapidly since the invention of computer
technology by J. Presper Ecker Jr. & John W. Mauchly long ago.
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MSC (MULTIMEDIA SUPER CORRIDOR)

This corridor stretches from KLCC down south to administrative city of
Putrajaya and the site of the regions largest international airport, the
KLIA.
The MSC present itself as the preferred investment location for ICT
products, services & solutions.
Smart Cities
2 smart cities 1) Putrajaya (new seat for the govt & administrative
capital of Malaysia where the concept of electronic govt has been
introduced) and 2) Cyberjaya (an intelligent city with multimedia
industries, R&D centers, a Multimedia University & operational
headquarters for multinationals wishing to direct their world-wide
manufacturing & trading activities using multimedia technology.
The entrepreneur also can take advantage from the existence of
industrial and cyber cities such as Kulim Hi-Tech Technology Park,
Penang Cyber City 1 (PICC).
KL Central also has been chosen as Cybercenter to enable the
companies to get MSC status.
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ICT
Advantages to entrepreneur
Many entrepreneurs take opportunities from ICT businesses. ICT offers

employment opportunities to the societies.
Many companies has the status of MSC & successfully generate

income; about RM 7.21 b in 2004. Whilst up to 4.2 m of the Malaysian
people has been using computer in their daily life.
Up to 3.1 m Internet users in 2004 and 37,000 students have
undergone ICT related courses in higher education institutes in 2005.
So, Malaysia is better prepared for k-economy.
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AUTOMOTIVE
An important industry to the economic development of Malaysia.

Many technopreneurs were born. They produce cars, buses, lorries,
trucks, motorcycles.
Support given by government to help automotive industry compete with
foreign automotive industry.
Establishment of Proton (1985) & Perodua (1993) become catalyst to
the growth & development of automotive sector in Malaysia. This in line
with the proliferation of component industry in Malaysia.
Malaysia is proud to become one of the developing countries that has
its own capability in automotive design & engineering.
High technology being used to compete internationally. Give the
opportunity for the entrepreneur to supply the components. Indirectly
motivate them to produce good and high quality of items and achieve
the good standard.
Technolgy brought in Malaysia by the participation of Petronas in F1
Grand Prix-simultaneously to promote Malaysia to the world.
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AUTOMOTIVE
Automotive industry in Malaysia has the potential to grow in the

future.
In 2004, Malaysia has been recognized to become the biggest

passenger car producer in ASEAN.
Vendor Development Program
Launched in 1988, which aims to develop small and medium

industries (SMIs) as a vendor.
Under the tax incentive, the vendor eligible for income tax
deduction on expenses incurred for the development of vendor
companies in terms of employee training, development and testing
and factory auditing.
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
AEROSPACE
Requires high & sophisticated technology.
Only several country manage to have this expertise such as US,

Russia & China.
In Malaysia, this area is still new/ at beginning because lack of

financing to explore , lack of expertise and technology used.
National Space Agency (NSA) has been established on Mac 2001.
NSA has play its role and responsible for Malaysia aerospace
industry in the near future in promoting aerospace industry.
Besides defence, a/space has its own ability to support programmes

such as MSC, sekolah bestari, telecommunication, satellite
communication, telemedicine, etc.
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
AEROSPACE
The involvement of Malaysia in aerospace technology begins with

the first earth satellite station at the end of 1960s which is
coordinated by Jabatan Penyiaran Malaysia.
In 1995, the National Microsatellite Program, TiungSAT-1 for
meteorological and earth imaging officially has been launched. This
become the first step of Malaysia to shift from aerospace
technology
user
to
become
aerospace
technology
manufacturer/producer.
Malaysia then, in 1996, entered the space sector when it
successfully launched the MEASAT 1 and 2 for communication
purposes.
With this, an annual expenditure of RM35 million was saved when
Malaysia ceased using Indonesias Palapa and the International
Telecom Satellite (INTELSAT).
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
On December 1996, the Malaysian Industry Government Group for

High Technology (MIGHT) produced a report called The National
Blueprint for the Development of Malaysian Aerospace Industry.
This report become a guideline in the development & enhancement

of the aerospace industry in Malaysia. MIGHT has identified 4 main
areas of involvement in aerospace technology; aerospace station,
aerospace transportation, satellite, & satellite application.
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
ENTREPRENEUR & AEROSPACE

INDUSTRY
MIGHT also has taking initiatives to focus on the current aerospace

industry in order to forge Smart Partnership in the near future.
This has proven when MAS formed partnership with British and
Singapore and then having code-sharing with other airline
companies such as Virgin & Ansett.
In terms of maintenance, AIROD having a partnerships with
Lockheed.
Other commitment given by the govt such as the introduction of
various program (jointly forum and conferences, exhibition,etc),
discussion platform, and an attractive incentive.
In addition, the existence of Subang International Aerospace Park
(SIAP) and Composite Technology City (CTC) in Batu Berendam)
also become the hallmark of the development of aerospace
industry in Malaysia.
IRPA
The establishment of Malaysian Defence Industry Council.
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
NINTH MALAYSIA PLAN
National Biotechnology Policy (2006-2010) consists of 9 policy

thrusts, namely:
1 Agricultural
Biotechnology
2 Healthcare
Biotechnology
3
Industrial Biotechnology
4 Research
&
Development,
Technology Acquisition
5 Human
Capital
Development
6 Financial Infrastructure
Legal
&
Framework
Regulatory
Strategic Development
Transform and enhance the value creation of the agricultural sector through
biotechnology.
Capitalise on the countrys biodiversity for commercialising the discoveries of
health related natural products and bio-generic drugs.
Leverage on the countrys strong manufacturing sector to increase opportunities
for bio-processing and bio-manufacturing.
Establish centres of biotechnology excellence,
development, as well as technology acquisition.
through
research
and
Build the nations human capital through education, training and research
activities, with the aim of producing knowledge generation capabilities.
Provide the right financial support via competitive lab to market funding and
incentives to encourage committed participation from academia and the private
sector including Government-linked companies.
Strengthen the legal and regulatory framework by reviewing ownership of
intellectual properties and regulations relating to biotechnology processes and
business
Build international recognition for Malaysian biotechnology and find a niche in the
global biotechnology value chain.
9 Government Support & Realise the execution of the policy through the establishment of a dedicated and
Commitment
professional Government agency to spearhead the development of the
biotechnology industry with the incorporation of Malaysian Biotechnology
Corporation Sdn Bhd (BiotechCorp).
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
BIONEXUS STATUS OF MALAYSIA

a
network of centers of excellence in the nation, companies and

institutions specializing in the biotechnology sub-sectors.
1) Centre of Excellence for Agricultural Biotechnology, which focuses

MARDI and Universiti Putra Malaysia in Serdang
2) Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Molecular Biology, which
will be concentrated in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in
Bangi
3) Centre of Excellence for Farmakutikal and Nutrakutikal to be built
on the site BioValley, nearby Dengkil
Examples of companies that received the recognition of BioNexus
1) Ar-Raudhah Bio-Tech Farm Sdn Bhd
2) Asia Pacific Special Nutrients Sdn Bhd
3) Bio Molecular Industries Sdn Bhd
4) BioFact Life Sdn Bhd
5) Biovic Sdn Bhd
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
RENOWNED TECHNOPRENEURS
DATUK ISKANDAR MIZAL MAHMOOD

CEO, Malaysia Biotechnology Corporation
GOH CHEH YAK

Founder, Gintell (M) Sdn. Bhd.
PROFESOR D.ATO' DR. NORBIK BASHAH IDRIS

Founder SCAN Associates
TAN SRI DATO' PROFESOR DR. LIM KOK WING

Founder, LimKokWing University College of Creative Technology
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN
CONCLUSION
Entrepreneurs have to deal with these challenges to deal with the

modern economy
Competition makes the entrepreneur more creative and innovative
to adapt quickly to market changes
PREPARED
PREPARED BY:
BY: MATHIVANNAN
JAGANATHAN

I Have Not Failed. I've Just Found 10,000 Ways That Won't Work

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I Have Not Failed. I've Just Found 10,000 Ways That Won't Work

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CHAPTER 4 CREATIVITY AND

I have not failed. I've just found

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Discuss the main components of creative process, ways to develop

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

To be in business & to manage a business successfully,

In today's hyper-competitive business world the need to be creative

The ability to be creative & innovative will place an entrepreneur a

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

entrepreneur will be left behind if his competitors are ahead

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Creativity is the generation of ideas that result in the improved

Efficient means better usage of resources such as materials, time,

Effective means you are able to achieve your aim/objective.

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

There are two important aspects of creativity: Process & People.

Process is designed to attain a solution to a problem.

People are the resources that determine the solution.

For example: sometimes people adapt/follow an old solution , and at

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE CREATIVE PROCESS

Ideas are not produced spontaneously, most of the time an idea is

Phase 1: Background or Knowledge Accumulation

Phase 2: The Incubation Process

Phase 3: The Idea Experience

Phase 4: Evaluation and Implementation

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE CREATIVE THINKING PROCESS

Creative process started by gathering information! Research,

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Several methods to gain knowledge/information:

Read in variety of fields

Join professional groups & associations

Attend professional meetings & seminars

Travel to new places

Talk to anyone and everyone about your subject

Scan magazines, newspapers and journals for articles related to the

Develop a subject library for future reference

Carry small notebook and record useful information and etc.

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

PHASE 2: INCUBATION PROCESS

Entrepreneurs do not engaged directly in the activities that has the

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

PHASE 3-THE IDEA EXPERIENCE

Most exciting phase. At this phase the idea which individual is

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

PHASE 4-EVALUATION &

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

METHODS TO GENERATE CREATIVE IDEAS

3) Problem Inventory Analysis

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Being used since 1950s. Focus Group is made up of between 8-14

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

PROBLEM INVENTORY ANALYSIS

A method for obtaining new ideas & solutions by focusing on

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Late to react - nowadays everything is moving at a faster pace. To be

Risk averse tend to take safe action/decision to minimize risk.

Stereotype thinking- i.e. not to have something that is different from

Judging by perception/assumption- Dont make decision based on

BPME 1013 BASIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP