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BLOOD VESSELS
Artery
Vein
Capillary
pulmonary trunk
(left & right pulmonary arteries)
coronary arteries
(supply blood to heart muscles)
Function of
capillaries:
Site of gas exchange, nutrient
delivery, waste removal
Because intravenous
pressure is so low,
veins have valves to
keep blood flowing in only
1 direction
when exposed to higher
than normal pressures,
veins can become
incompetent (varicose
veins).
Summary Blood
vessels
ARTERIES
carry blood (oxygenated) away from the heart to the
capillaries
- thicker & stronger than veins due to high pressure of the
blood w/in the vessel
- Aorta: largest conducting artery
VEINS
CAPILLARIES
The Human
HEART
muscular
pump
The HEART
Location:
- between the lungs in the middle
of the chest, behind the sternum
Apex( hearts bottom) - tilted to
left side - directed towards left
hip
Function:
pumps blood through a
closed system of blood
vessels
Apex
The Pericardium
pericardium
membrane that
surrounds & protects the
heart
retains its position in
the mediastinum
(while allowing for
some freedom of
movement).
4
(2)
(2)
Facts..
The human heart begins beating early in fetal life and continues
regular beating throughout the life span of the individual. If the heart
stops beating for more than 3 or 4 minutes permanent brain damage
may occur.
Blood flow to the heart muscle itself also depends on the continued
beating of the heart and if this flow is stopped for more than a few
minutes, as in a heart attack, the heart muscle may be damaged to
such a great extent that it may be irreversibly stopped.
Heart VALVES
FUNCTION:
Act as one-way doors
prevent backflow of blood (keep
blood flowing in one direction
through your heart)
Four
(4) valves
Atrioventricular valves
between atria & ventricles
Bicuspid valve (left)
Tricuspid valve (right)
Semilunar valves
- between ventricle & artery
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
CIRCULATION
PATHWAYS
PULMONARY circuit
- carries oxygen-poor
blood (deoxygenated bld)
from the heart to the
lungs (for oxygenation)
SYSTEMIC circuit
carries oxygen-rich blood
(oxygenated bld) from the
heart to the different tissues
of the body (organ systems)
returns deoxygenated blood
frm the body tissues back
to the heart
powered by the left side of
the heart
Blood Circulation
Figure 11.3
Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings
Pulmonary
Circuit
Deoxgenated bld frm
superior vena cava & inferior vena cava
(frm upper body parts) (lower body parts)
RIGHT ATRIUM
(via tricuspid valve)
RIGHT VENTRICLE
(via pulmonary arteries)
LUNGS
(exchange of O2 & CO2 b/n blood & air
in alveoli of lungs)
Then oxygenated blood returns to heart
via pulmonary veins
Systemic Circuit
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart
(via pulmonary veins)
LEFT ATRIUM
(via bicuspid valve)
LEFT VENTRICLE
(via aortic valve)
AORTA
-major artery supplies
BODY CELLS /system
(to all body parts/tissues except lungs)
-> Systemic Arteries
systemic capillaries
(site of gas & nutrient exchange)
Becomes Deoxygenated bld- veins
-> Sup. & inf. Vena cava enters
pulmonary circuit