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Slide 1
Outline
Introduction
phase diagram
phase transformations
pure component
2-component mixture
typical phase envelope
retrograde phenomenon
Slide 2
Introduction
Liquid
Solid
Gas
0
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100
T, (C)
Slide 3
1bar
Condensation, Tc
Boiling, Tb
Tb = Tc
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Slide 4
10 bar
Only liquid
1 bar
Only gas
Bubble point
Pure
Tb
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Dew point
line
ase
h
p
r
w at e
Tc
100
T, (C)
Slide 5
Li
qu
id
re
g io
n
T=const.; T<Tc;
Increasing pressure
amount of liquid phase increases
P=const.; P<Pc;
Increasing temperature
amount of gas phase increases
Ga
sr
eg
io
n
Slide 6
Retrograde Phenomenon
Li
qu
id
reg
ion
0 % gas
0 % gas
ion
g
e
sr
Ga
Slide 7
Pcc
(Tc, Pc)
Tcc
A - E process:
Gas is leaving the reservoir!
% of gas
On the way out from the reservoir, due to pressure drop, gas condensation can occur!
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Slide 8
Pressure [bar]
90 bar
40 bar
35 C
- 30
~0
Temperature [C]
Removing maximum amount of liquid from the NG the separation process should be done at:
pressure below Cricondenbar and as close as possible to Cricondenterm pressure
temperature should be as minimal as possible
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Slide 9
1 bar
LTS process
combines water and NG liquids removal.
p, T should fulfil the following :
80 bar
temperature
1. should be LOW for both, NGL and water
Temperature, C
pressure
1. should be HIGH for Water
2. should be LOW (cricondenterm values) for NGL
Slide 10
1 2 gas cooler
[ 70 28 C; @ 92bar ]
2 3 heat exchanger
[ 28 -22 C; @ 92bar ]
3 4 Joule-Thompson valve
[ -22 -32 C & 92 72 bar ]
4 5 heat exchanger
[ -22 18 C @72 bar ]
5 6 pipeline;
***
Slide 11
Slide 12
Conclusions
Slide 13
Introduction
Slide 14
Slide 15
Introduction
end user;
[18 C @92bar]
Removal of liquids (water and heavier hydrocarbons) shifts dew point line to the left!!!
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Slide 16
Introduction
1bar
Boiling, Tb
Condensation, Tc
Tb = Tc
Slide 17
Pressure
drop
Temperature, C
Slide 18
Introduction
Outline
Slide 19