Ventilation

Problem
in Heritage Building
BUILDING SERVICES 1
[BLD 60403]
Bachelor of Quantity
Surveying (Honours)
Members:
Tan Vin Nie
Lee Xin Ying
Tan Jit Kim
Teoh Zi Wei
Yeoh Sin Yuen

What is Ventilation?

Gas Change rate

Mechanical & Natural system

the provision of
fresh air to a room,
building or area.
-Exp of Natural Ventilation -----------Stack effect,
cross ventilation, wind driven
-Exp of Mechanical Ventilation ------Fan, Air- conditioning

Humidity & Temperature.

INSTALLATION
METHOD

Installation of Window
constructed at
opposing pressure
zones
not recommended to be
install near the ceiling
create openings at
different vertical level
Inlet windows design
smaller and the outlet
window to be design bigger

Wing walls
Designed to control and
maximize natural air to enter
the building
Increase the cooling
effectiveness for the sites with
low outdoor air velocity and
variable wind direction by
incorporated wing walls into
building design.

Pressure differential will

draws outdoor air in through
the open window and out
through the adjacent
Able to produce cross
ventilation even during low
external wind velocity
conditions

Air brick
Special bricks that are manufactured with holes in them to allow the
circulation of air in the building. They are used to vent a room containing a
gas appliance, a void under a wooden floor or a cavity wall to increase air
flow and minimize the possibility of damp.
Air bricks are strong and
durable which can resist
the high temperature
and heavy weather. It
also designed in
geometric and floral
shapes.

Type of Air Brick

Located at the top of the

building

Located under the floor of

buildings

Along the wall

VENTILATION IN HERITAGE BUILDING

More relies on passive physical phenomena, such as diffusion, wind
pressure or the stack effect. ( Natural Ventilation )
Architecture design & layout will affect the wind pattern throughout the
houses.
Common types of ancient invention :
- Multi-directional windcatchers
- Ventilation Jali
- Courtyard cooling system

Multi-Directional Windcatchers
Appear throughout the Middle East such as Iran, Afghanistan and
Pakistan.
Stack effect is used as its concept of ventilation.
Vast array of sizes and a number of different styles.

Can used to refrigerate & store

water or goods
Mostly using a temperature
gradient assisted either by the
sun or the wind.

Ventilation Jali
Cross ventilation
Can ventilate their houses
Allow diffusion of light to their dim indoor
surrounding
The utilization of Jali creates wind effect to the
building
One kind of traditional architecture design and
decoration for their walls. ( geometric and floral
shapes )

Courtyard Cooling System

Create cooling effect to the building

Enhances the circulation of air ( stack effect )
Ponds or other water features can pre-cool air entering the house
The dryer the air, the greater is the cooling potential

Why we need good ventilation system?

Why do we care?

To prevent possible problem!

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS
1. High concentration of CO2 and
bacteria in air

decomposition of organic substances

respiratory and pulmonary diseases such as asthma, flu and cough
may feel dizzy and vomiting
Not receiving enough oxygen

Termites attack

Timber, stone and masonry may encourage the growth of termites

Humidity of the internal air is too high (over 70%RH) , the temperature
& sunlight exposure is relatively low.
Lower down its load bearing capacity or even lead to collapse.

me Humidity level and temperature

Humidity amount of water vapor

When water vapor in air is low may cause to breathing difficulties,
dry throat, dry skin and static electricity build-up.
When humidity is high it may lead to nausea, vomiting
& general ill health may occur.

preading of diseases within occupants.

Diseases is easily spread within spaces that have low

air exchange rate and low velocity of air flow

Can cause problem to people who with asthmatic diseases

Musty and moldy smell

Exist and spread in an spaces due to improper way of
disposing rubbish and failure of sewage system.
Not easy to get rid off even with high velocity air flow,
this causes disturbance to the daily lift of the occupant.
Breathing difficulty, respiratory syndrome and affect
mental concentration of human being.