TAPER MEASUREMENT

Prof.Md.Khaled khalil

Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by

Roller
The plug gauge should be set up
Micrometer Anvil

Plug Gauge

on its small end, so that the force

exerted by the micrometer used
for the diametral measurement
tends to wedge rollers against
the cone and the slip gauges.

Roller

The force applied by the

micrometer must be kept small
by using the instrument with light
touch. A micrometer fitted with a
fiducial indicator is advisable.

Fig.: Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by

Rollers
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Metrology

Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by

Roller
It is an advantage if the
Micrometer Anvil

Plug Gauge

Roller

Fig.: Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by

Rollers
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Metrology

instrument has nonrotating anvil as this

reduces the tendency to
disturb the roller during
measurement.
The rollers should
preferably be of about
the same diameter as
the micrometer anvil.

Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by

Roller

M2

M1

h2
h1

Slip gauge
Surface Plate

Metrology

Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by

Roller
Half angle of the taper tan

DL
D2

M2

h2

D1

M1
DS

The diameters at the

ends

Dia.d
/
2

d/2

Metrology

The diameter in the plane of roller

centres are d d

D1 M 1 2 sec M 1 d 1 sec
2
2
2 2

d d

D2 M 2 2 sec M 2 d 1 sec
2
2
2 2

M 2 M1

2 2 h2 h1

d/2sec/2

Ds D1 2h1. tan

DL D2 H h2 . tan
2

Possible error in the angle of taper

1
M
.M
.h 2. cos 2 . .M 2. cos 2 . 2 .h
M
h
2 2h
2 2h
Now cos

Let M 2 M 1 M and h2 h1 h

M 2 M1 M
Since tan

2 2 h2 h1 2h

Metrology

2
2
M
2

h
2

2h 2

M
1

2
2
2h

2h
M
M
2

2
2

2
h

h.M M .h

Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by

Roller

M
2

h
2

h.M M .h

Usually, the error in h is very

small, being that in the slip
gauges used. If the error
neglected, the expression
reduced to
h

.M
2
M
2

h
2

From which it is clear that, for

given value of h, the error in the
angle increases as the value of M
decreases.
This
means that the error in the
measured value of the angle of a
slow taper is lager than that of a
quick taper

Slow taper
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Metrology

Quick taper

Measurement of Taper Ring Gauge by

Balls and Slip gauges
M1 M 2
Half angle of the taper tan
2 2 h2 h1

Diameter in the plane of ball centers

D1 M 1 d 1 sec
2

D2 M 2 d 1 sec
2

End Diameters

Fig.: Measurement of Taper Ring Gauge by

Balls Slip Gauges
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Metrology

DL D1 2h1. tan
2

DS D2 2 H h2 . tan

Internal Taper Measurement by Unequal Balls

The semi-angle of taper is
1
given by 1 d d
d 1d 2
1
2
CD
sin

BC

h1 h2

d 2 d1

2 2

h1 h2

2 h1 h2
or cosec
1
2 d1 d 2

1
d1 d 2
2

The diameter in the planes of ball

centers are

d1

D1 2
sec d1. sec
2
2
2

Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Unequal

Balls
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Metrology

d
D2 2 2 sec d 2 . sec
2
2
2

Internal Taper Measurement by Unequal Balls

The diameters at the end of taper

D1

D2

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Metrology

DL D1 2 d1 h1 . tan
2
2

d1. sec d1 2h1 . tan

2
2

d2

DS D2 2 H h2 . tan
2
2

d 2 sec 2 H 2h2 d 2 . tan

2
2

Internal Taper Measurement by Unequal Balls

Let the distance between ball
centres = c and the difference
between ball radii = r 1
d1 d 2
CD
r
2
We know sin

2 BC h h d 2 d1 c
1
2
2 2

The error in the angle is

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Metrology

.r
.c
r
c

1
1
r
cos . . .r 2 .c
2 2
c
c
1
r
2. sec . .r 2. sec . 2 .c
2 c
2 c
2

c.r r.c
c c2 r 2

Internal Taper Measurement by Balls and

Cylinders
Referring to figure the line BD is
parallel to the cone axis, and BC and
BE are parallel to the sides of the
cone.
In triangle ABC

sin ABC

AC
AC

i.e. sin
.......(i)
AB
AB
2

In triangle ABE
sin ABE

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AE
AE

i.e. sin
......(ii )
AB
AB
2

Metrology

Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Balls &

Cylinders

Internal Taper Measurement by Balls and

Cylinders
AC

AB
2

sin

AC
or sin . cos cos . sin
2
2
AB

AE

AE

or sin . cos cos . sin
AB
2
2
AB
2

sin

AC AE
Adding these two equations 2. sin . cos
2
AB
AC AE sec
or sin
.
2
AB
2

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Metrology

Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Balls &

cylinders

Internal Taper Measurement by Balls and

Cylinders
d d
d1
d

c1 2 c2 and AE 1 2
2 2
2
2

d1 d 2

and AB BD. sec h1 h2 . sec

2 2

Now AC

AC AE sec
We know from equation (iii) sin
.
2
AB
2

Substituting in the above expression

d1 d 2 c1 c2
sin
2 2h1 2h2 d1 d 2
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Metrology

Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Balls &

cylinders

Internal Taper Measurement by Balls and

Cylinders
The diameters are easily found by the following
formulae

d1
d1

D1 c1 . sec . sec c1 d1 . sec

2
2 2
2
2

d2
d2

D2 c2 . sec . sec c2 d 2 . sec

2
2 2
2
2

End Diameters

DL D1 d1 2h1 . tan
2

DS D2 2 H 2h2 d 2 . tan
2
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Metrology

Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Balls &

cylinders

External Taper Measurement by Sine Bar & Dial

Gauge

h
sin
L

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Metrology

Fig. External Taper Measurement by Sine Bar & dial

gauge

Measurement of small end diameter

Dial gauge
Slip gauge
Roller

ece
i
p
k
r
o
W

Sine Bar

17

Fig. Measurement of small end diameter of Taper plug gauge by roller &
dial gauge

Metrology

Measurement of small end diameter

d
AC s
2

In triangle ACD,

AD AC. tan s . tan

2
2
2
In triangle BDE,

DE DB. sec . sec

2 2
2

Ds 2 AE 2 AD DE

2 s d . tan d . sec
2
2
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Metrology

Dia.
d C

Axis
of
cone

D
S

A
D

/2
/2

E B

Fig. Measurement of small end diameter of

Taper plug gauge by roller & dial gauge

The End

Thank You !

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Metrology