BASIC SOCIAL

INSTITUTION
GROUP 1

RELIGION
Is a system of beliefs and rituals that serves
to bind people together through shared
worship, thereby creating a social group.
Set of beliefs and practices that pertain to a
sacred or supernatural realm that guides
human behavior and gives meaning to life
among a community of believers.

Functions of Religion
a. Provides mental peace.
b. Explains individual suffering.
c. It inculcates social values.
d. Promotes social solidarity.
e. Convert the animal qualities to
human qualities.
f. An agent of socialization and social
control.
g. Promotes welfare.
h. Gives recreation.
i. Comes as a source of social
cohesion.
j. Influences economy and political
system.

Types of Belief System

ANIMISM
Belief that spirits actively
influence human life;
spirits are contained
throughout mother nature;
rituals such as feasting,
dancing, fasting, and
cleansing are often
performed to appease the
spirits, so that crops can
be harvested, fish caught,
illness cured, or danger

The term theism, first introduced by

Ralph Cudworth (1617-1688), derives
from the Greek wordtheosmeaning
"god". It refers to anybelief systemthat
incorporates the existence of a deity. A
deity is asupernaturalbeing thought of
as holy,divineorsacred. Though they
take a variety of forms, deities are often
expressed as taking human form. They
are usually immortal, and are commonly
assumed to have personalities,
consciousness and intellects comparable
(albeit superior) to those of humans.
Typically, deities do not reveal
themselves directly to humans, but make
themselves known through their effects
in the world. They are thought to dwell
mainly in otherworldly or holy places like

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
CAPITALISM:
1. Private ownership of property.
Supports the right of individual to own
anything.
2. Pursuit of personal profit.
Encourages people to acquire the
greatest amount of private property
even at the expense of others.
3. Free competition and consumers
sovereignty.
Economy should operate without
interference from the government.

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
SOCIALISM:
1. Collective ownership of property
Utilize productive property for the whole
economy.
2. Pursuit of collective goals.
Cultural values and norms in the socialist
societies define such self-serving
behavior as immoral and often illegal.
3. Government control economy.
Centrally controlled economy

SECTOR
S
OF THE
ECONOM
Y

draws raw materials

from
the natural
environment
it is of greatest
importance
(26% of the
economy) in
low-income nations
10 percent of
economic
activity in middleincome
nations
just 2 percent in
highincome countries
such as
the United States

Transforms raw
materials into
manufactured goods
Grow quickly as
societies
industrialized
It includes operations
such as
refining petroleum into
gasoline and turning
metals
into tools and
automobiles.
Is a significant share
(25%
35%) of the economy in
low-,
middle-, and highincome

SECTOR
S
OF THE
ECONOM
Y

economy
that involves services
rather
than goods
Is the largest sector
(49%
73%) in low-, middle-,
and
high-income countries
About 85 percent of
the
U.S. labor force is in
service
work
Include secretarial
and
clerical work,
positions in
food service , sales,

EDUCATION

Is the preparation for effective participation

in social relations.
It is the consciously controlled process
whereby changes in behavior are produced
in the person and through the person in the
group.
As a social institution includes not only the
effects of schooling but also the more
pervasive effects of child-rearing practice.
It includes all experiences from which one
learns and which bring about changes in
him/her.

STRUCTURES OF
EDUCATION
Formal Education
It sets definite objectives and goals
reached through systematized, formal
institutions and methods.

Non-formal Education
Consists of sets of definite learning goals
and objectives, generally making use of a
more flexible curriculum, less rigid
admission procedures and more

FUNCTIONS OF
EDUCATION
1. To transmit the cultural heritage.
2. To help individual select social
roles and train them for the roles
they have chosen.
3. To integrate into the cultural
mainstream the various subcultures
and identities.
4. To serve as a source of a social

Development of
Philippine
Education

Education From
Ancient Early
Filipinos
- Children were
provided more
vocational training but
less academics in their
houses by their
parents and in the
houses of their tribal
tutors. They were using
a unique system of
writing known as

Spanish Period
- During the early
Spanish period most
education was carried out
by the religious orders.
The schools focused on
the Christian Doctrines.

First Republic
-The schools maintained by
Spain for more than three
centuries were closed for a short
period but were reopened on
August 29, 1898 by the
Secretary of Interior. Article
23of the Malolos
Constitutionmandated that
public education would be free
and obligatory in all schools of
the nation under theFirst
Philippine Republic.

American Period
-Building on the education system created in
1863, an improved public school system was
established during the first decade of
American rule upon the recommendation of
the Schurman Commission. Free primary
instruction that trained the people for the
duties of citizenship and avocation was
enforced by theTaft Commissionper
instructions of President William McKinley.
Education during this time also emphasized
nationalism, vocational education and good
manners and discipline.

After World War II

-In 1947, by the virtue ofExecutive Order No.
94, the Department of Instruction was
changed to theDepartment of Education.
During this period, the regulation and
supervision of public and private schools
belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private
Schools.

Marcos Era
-In 1972, the Department of Education
became the Department of Education and
Culture by the virtue ofProclamation
1081which was signed byPresident
Ferdinand Marcos.

Fifth Republic
-In 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No. 117, the
Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, became the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports. The
structure of DECS as embodied in the order remained
practically unchanged until 1994.
-Tri-focalization of Education Management:
DECS for basic education
CHED for higher education
TESDA for post-secondary, middle-level manpower
training and development
-1994- DECS to Department of Education

Implementation Of The K-12

Program
- The implementation of the K-12 program is
"phased".

FAMILY

The family is a social institution, that is, an

established social system that emerges,
changes, and persists over time. Institutions
are there; we do not reinvent them every
day, although people adapt in ways that make
institutions constantly evolve, such as is the
case with how families have changed over
time. We can define the family to refer to a
primary group of peopleusually related by
ancestry, marriage, or adoptionwho form a
cooperative economic unit to care for
offspring and each other and who are

Families are part of

what are more
broadly considered
to be kinship systems.
A kinship system is the
pattern of relationships
that define peoples
relationships to one
another within a family.
Kinship systems
vary enormously
across cultures
and over time

FAMILY

The smallest social institution with the

unique function or producing and
rearing the young.
It is the basic unit of Philippine society
and the educational system where the
child begins to learn his ABC.
The basic agent of socialization because
it is here where the individual develops
values, behaviors, and ways of life
through interaction with members of the
family

Characteristic of the
Filipino Family

The family is closely knit and has

strong family ties.
The Filipino family is usually
extended one and therefore, big.
In the Filipino family, kinship ties
are extended to include the
compadre or sponsors.

Functions of the
Family
1. Reproduction of the race and
rearing of the young.
2. Cultural transmission or
enculturation.
3. Socialization of the child.
4. Providing affection and a sense of
security.
5. Providing the environment for
personality development and the
growth of self-concept in relation

Kinds of
According
to
term
of
According
to
Family
MARRIAGE
STRUCTURE
a. Conjugal or Nuclear
Family -the primary or
elementary family
consisting of husband, wife
and children.
b. Extended Family
-consist of married couple,
their parents, siblings,
grandparents, uncles,

Monogamy-is the practice of

a sexually exclusive marriage
with one spouse at a time.
Polyandry -one woman is
married to two or more men at
the same time.
Polygamy -one man is
married to two or more women
at the same time.
Cenogamy - two or more men
mate with two or more women

Kinds of
According to
According to AUTHORITY
Family
DESCENT

Patrilocal -when the

newly married couple
lives with the parents of
the husband.
Matrilocal - when the
newly married couple
lives with the parents of
the wife.
Neolocal - when the
newly married pair
maintains a separate

a. Partriarchal - when the

father is considered the
head and plays a dominant
role.
b. Matriarchal - when the
mother or female is the
head and makes the major
decisions.
c. Equalitarian - when both
father and mother share in
making decisions and are

THANK
YOU!