Did you study about

the REFERENCE
POINTS?

Well
This is not about reference
points. *wink wink*

Early closure of the fontanelles of the infant skull can

result in compression of the brain, restricting brain
growth. Which of the following fontanelles is located
at the junction of sagittal and coronal sutures and at
what age does this fontanelle typically close?
A. Posterior fontanelle, which closes at about 2 years
B. Mastoid fontanelle, which closes at about 16 months
C. Lambdoid fontanelle, which closes at 8 months to 1
year
D. Sphenoidal fontanelle, which closes at 3 years
E. Anterior fontanelle, which closes at 18 months

A 5-day-old infant was born with a laryngeal defect.

The greater cornu and the inferior part of the hyoid
bone were absent at birth. Failure of development of
which of the following embryonic structures most likely
led to these defects?
A. Maxillary prominence
B. Mandibular prominence
C. Second pharyngeal arch
D. Third pharyngeal arch
E. Fourth pharyngeal arch

A 22-year-old male is admitted to the hospital after he was hit

in the right eye with a frozen fish, thrown playfully by a friend
while they were passing through the seafood section of the
market. During physical examination considerable swelling
and discoloration of the eyelids was observed. In addition, the
patient could not turn his pupil laterally from forward gaze,
indicating probable muscle entrapment. Which of the
following bones was most likely fractured?
A. Orbital plate of the frontal bone
B. Lamina papyracea of the ethmoid bone
C. Orbital plate of the maxilla
D. Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
E. Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

A 1-day-old infant presents with

meningohydroencephalocele. Which of the following
bones is most commonly affected?
A. Squamous part of temporal bone
B. Petrous part of temporal bone
C. Squamous part of occipital bone
D. Sphenoid bone
E. Ethmoid bone

What are irregularly shaped small bones found along

sutures that occur naturally?
A. Patellar bones
B. Sinusoid bones
C. Sesamoid bones
D. Wormian bones
E. 7th Cervical

What are depressions caused by arachnoid

granulations that push on the dura mater causing
bone resorption on the endocranial surface?
A. Arachnoid Foveae
B. Meninges
C. Mandibular Fossa
D. Ligamentum Nuchae
E. Foramen Lacerum

What forms the forehead and superior regions of

orbits?
A. Frontal crest
B. Base of the frontal bone
C. Frontal eminences
D. Frontal sinus
E. Glabella

What are rounded elevations above the supraorbital

margin?
A. Frontal crest
B. Base of the frontal bone
C. Frontal eminences
D. Frontal sinus
E. Glabella

What is a pocket of space located above the orbit,

enclosed by frontal bone and separated from opposite
side by a bony septum?
A. Frontal crest
B. Base of the frontal bone
C. Frontal eminences
D. Frontal sinus
E. Glabella

What is a space between the eyebrows and joins the

superciliary arches?
A. Frontal crest
B. Base of the frontal bone
C. Frontal eminences
D. Frontal sinus
E. Glabella

What is joined by the glabella and forms the eyebrow

ridge?
A. Frontal sinus
B. Superciliary arches
C. Supra-orbital margins
D. Supra-orbital notches
E. Zygomatic processes

What separates the forehead region from the orbital

portion of the frontal bone?
A. Frontal sinus
B. Superciliary arches
C. Supra-orbital margins
D. Supra-orbital notches
E. Zygomatic processes

What serves as the passageway of the supraorbital

vessels and supraorbital nerve?
A. Frontal sinus
B. Superciliary arches
C. Supra-orbital margins
D. Supra-orbital notches
E. Zygomatic processes

What part of the frontal bone articulates with the

zygomatic bone?
A. Frontal sinus
B. Superciliary arches
C. Supra-orbital margins
D. Supra-orbital notches
E. Zygomatic processes

What part of the occipital bone articulates with the

superior facets of atlas and the atlanto-occipital
capsules?
A. Condyloid Foramen
B. Occipital Condyles
C. External Occipital Crest
D. External Occipital Protuberance
E. Foramen Magnum

What serves as the passageway of vertebral arteries in

the occipital bone?
A. Condyloid Foramen
B. Occipital Condyles
C. External Occipital Crest
D. External Occipital Protuberance
E. Foramen Magnum

Which part of the occipital bone serves as an

attachment of the nuchal ligament?
A. Condyloid Foramen
B. Occipital Condyles
C. External Occipital Crest
D. External Occipital Protuberance
E. Foramen Magnum

Which part of the occipital bone serves as the

passageway of the meningeal branch of the ascending
pharyngeal artery and hypoglossal nerve?
A. Condyloid Foramen
B. Occipital Condyles
C. External Occipital Crest
D. External Occipital Protuberance
E. Foramen Magnum

What structure is found at the summit of occipital bone

and foramen magnum?
A. Condyloid Foramen
B. Occipital Condyles
C. External Occipital Crest
D. External Occipital Protuberance
E. Foramen Magnum

What landmark serves as a passageway to the

hypoglossal nerve and is found anterior to the occipital
condyles?
A. Jugular Processes
B. Internal Occipital Protuberance
C. Jugular Tubercles
D. Hypoglossal Canal
E. Inferior Nuchal Line

What structure of the occipital bone serves as the

attachment of the rectus capitis posterior major,
rectus capitis posterior minor, and obliquus capitis
superior?
A. Jugular Processes
B. Internal Occipital Protuberance
C. Jugular Tubercles
D. Hypoglossal Canal
E. Inferior Nuchal Line

What structure of the occipital bone serves as the

attachment of the rectus capitis lateralis and lateral
atlanto-occipital ligament?
A. Jugular Processes
B. Internal Occipital Protuberance
C. Jugular Tubercles
D. Hypoglossal Canal
E. Inferior Nuchal Line

What structure of the occipital bone does the upper

division of cruciate eminence run to the superior angle
of the bone?
A. Jugular Processes
B. Internal Occipital Protuberance
C. Jugular Tubercles
D. Hypoglossal Canal
E. Inferior Nuchal Line

What structure of the occipital bone overlies the

hypoglossal canal and sometimes crossed by the
oblique groove for glossopharyngeal, vagus, and
accessory nerves?
A. Jugular Processes
B. Internal Occipital Protuberance
C. Jugular Tubercles
D. Hypoglossal Canal
E. Inferior Nuchal Line

What structure of the temporal bone indicates the

location of the superior semicircular canal?
A. External Auditory Meatus
B. Carotid Canal
C. Articular Tubercle
D. Base
E. Arcuate Eminence

What structure of the temporal bone forms the

anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa?
A. External Auditory Meatus
B. Carotid Canal
C. Articular Tubercle
D. Base
E. Arcuate Eminence

What structure of the temporal bone fuses with the

internal surfaces of the squama and mastoid portion to
give rise to the mastoid process?
A. External Auditory Meatus
B. Carotid Canal
C. Articular Tubercle
D. Base
E. Arcuate Eminence

What structure of the temporal bone serves as the

passageway of the carotid plexus of nerves?
A. External Auditory Meatus
B. Carotid Canal
C. Articular Tubercle
D. Base
E. Arcuate Eminence

What structure of the temporal bone terminates at the

tympanum?
A. External Auditory Meatus
B. Carotid Canal
C. Articular Tubercle
D. Base
E. Arcuate Eminence

What structure of the temporal bone serves as the

passageway of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
A. Petrous Part
B. Jugular Fossa
C. Internal Auditory Meatus
D. Mandible
E. Mastoid Foramen

What structure of the temporal bone serves as the

passageway of the internal jugular vein?
A. Petrous Part
B. Jugular Fossa
C. Internal Auditory Meatus
D. Mandible
E. Mastoid Foramen

What structure of the temporal bone serves as an

articulation with the lower jaw?
A. Petrous Part
B. Jugular Fossa
C. Internal Auditory Meatus
D. Mandible
E. Mastoid Foramen

What structure of the temporal bone serves as a

passageway of the vein to the transverse sinus and
branch of occipital artery to the dura mater?
A. Petrous Part
B. Jugular Fossa
C. Internal Auditory Meatus
D. Mandible
E. Mastoid Foramen

What part of the temporal bone serves as an

attachment of the sternocleidomastoid, splenius
capitis, and the longissimus capitis?
A. Petrous Part
B. Jugular Fossa
C. Internal Auditory Meatus
D. Mandible
E. Mastoid Foramen

What landmark of the temporal bone contains the

auditory ossicles?
A. Petrous Part
B. Jugular Fossa
C. Internal Auditory Meatus
D. Mandible
E. Mastoid Foramen

What landmark of the temporal bone is located on the

lateral aspect of the temporal bone above the external
auditory meatus?
A. Styloid Process
B. Stylomastoid Foramen
C. Temporal Surface of Jugular Foramen
D. Temporal Surface of Foramen Lacerum
E. Postglenoid Tubercle

What landmark of the temporal bone serves as an

attachment to the styloglossus and stylohoideus?
A. Styloid Process
B. Stylomastoid Foramen
C. Temporal Surface of Jugular Foramen
D. Temporal Surface of Foramen Lacerum
E. Postglenoid Tubercle

What part of the temporal bone serves as a

passageway to the stylomastoid artery?
A. Styloid Process
B. Stylomastoid Foramen
C. Temporal Surface of Jugular Foramen
D. Temporal Surface of Foramen Lacerum
E. Postglenoid Tubercle

What part of the temporal bone serves as a

passageway to the internal carotid artery, artery of
pterygoid canal, and nerve of the pterygoid canal?
A. Styloid Process
B. Stylomastoid Foramen
C. Temporal Surface of Jugular Foramen
D. Temporal Surface of Foramen Lacerum
E. Postglenoid Tubercle

What part of the temporal bone serves as passageway

to the meningeal branches of occipital and ascending
pharyngeal arteries, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus
nerve, and accessory nerve?
A. Styloid Process
B. Stylomastoid Foramen
C. Temporal Surface of Jugular Foramen
D. Temporal Surface of Foramen Lacerum
E. Postglenoid Tubercle

What structure of the ethmoid bone serves as

passageway of the olfactory nerves?
A. Cribriform Plate
B. Orbital Plates
C. Crista Galli
D. Middle Conchae
E. Labyrinth

What structure of the ethmoid bone serves as

passageway of the olfactory nerves?
A. Cribriform Plate
B. Orbital Plates
C. Crista Galli
D. Middle Conchae
E. Labyrinth

What structure of the ethmoid bone is a lateral mass

located on either side of ethmoid consisting of several
grooves and cavities?
A. Cribriform Plate
B. Orbital Plates
C. Crista Galli
D. Middle Conchae
E. Labyrinth

What structure of the ethmoid bone is located beneath

the cribriform plate and forms part of the lateral wall
of the nasal cavity?
A. Cribriform Plate
B. Orbital Plates
C. Crista Galli
D. Middle Conchae
E. Labyrinth

What part of the ethmoid bone articulates with the

frontal, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, and sphenoid bone?
A. Cribriform Plate
B. Orbital Plates
C. Crista Galli
D. Middle Conchae
E. Labyrinth

What part of the sphenoid serves as an attachment to

the tentorium cerebelli and is found posterior to the
lesser wings?
A. Anterior Clinoid Processes
B. Body
C. Dorsum Sellae
D. Foramen Rotundum
E. Foramen Ovale

What part of the sphenoid is hollowed out to form the

sphenoidal sinuses?
A. Anterior Clinoid Processes
B. Body
C. Dorsum Sellae
D. Foramen Rotundum
E. Foramen Ovale

What part of the sphenoid forms part of the sella

turcica and ends in the posterior clinoid process?
A. Anterior Clinoid Processes
B. Body
C. Dorsum Sellae
D. Foramen Rotundum
E. Foramen Ovale

What part of the sphenoid serves as passageway for

the trigeminal nerve?
A. Anterior Clinoid Processes
B. Body
C. Dorsum Sellae
D. Foramen Rotundum
E. Foramen Ovale

What part of the sphenoid serves as passageway for

the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
A. Anterior Clinoid Processes
B. Body
C. Dorsum Sellae
D. Foramen Rotundum
E. Foramen Ovale