1

HYDERABAD

GAS TURBINE

STARTUP
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

2
HYDERABAD

OBJECTIVES

To smoothly start,Accelerate and bring

the Gas Turbine to full Speed No Load
Condition

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

3
HYDERABAD

PRE START UP CHECKS

All MCC modules are switched ON' and

are kept on Auto
Lube Oil Level is OK & Oil temp. normal
Select Cooldown On and ensure that the AC
Lube Oil Pumps starts & Ratcheting is OK.
Start EOP and ensure that the pressure
developed is OK
Cooling Water level is OK
Visual Inspection of Machine is OK
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

HYDERABAD

Normal Start
Select UNIT CONTROL Display

Operator selects CRANK / FIRE /AUTO then Execu

Protections System checks Ready to Start Permisives:

01. Generator Lockout Relay is Reset
02. Turbine is at Zero Speed
03. Overspeed Bolt is Reset
04. Flame is not Detected in all Scanners
05. Compressor Bleed valves are Open
06. OFF is not Selected
07. IGV is Closed
08. Master protective 4 Logic is Reset
09. <R> <S> and <T> Master Protectives agree
10. Emergency Lube Oil Pump Voltage is Normal
11. Diesel Test is not in Progress
12. <R> <S> and <T> Communication links are Healthy
13. Generator Breaker is Open
14. Auxiliaries are healthy and Fuel System Faults are R

Contd
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

Contd
HYDERABAD

READY TO START displaye

Operator presses START then Execute

1. Start Counter is incremented.

2. AC Lube Oil Pump is started, if not already st
3. Ratcheting Motor is started & Starting Jaw Cl
engaged (if unit is Off Cool down)
4. Master Protective System Energizes (L4)
STARTING Displaye
1. Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump started
2. Diesel Engine is started. It idles for 2 min.
3. Diesel Engine accelerates to its intermediate
speed
4. After the diesel warm up time Hydraulic
Ratchet pump
Starts and carries out continuous ratchet
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
4. Turbine Breaks
away and the Ratchet pump

6
HYDERABAD

Contd

CRANKING Displaye

1. Turbine reaches cranking speed (about 19%

2. The Turbine is purged for 5 min.
3. Turbine Purge Timer times out.
FIRING Displayed

1. Ignition Relay is energised (2TVX. Spark Plu

energised
2. 60 sec Firing Timer is started.

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

NO
HYDERABAD

On
Liquid

Permissible for SRV & GCV enabled

YES

Energises Liquid Fuel Trip Solenoid (20 FL)

Energises Fuel Pump Clutch Solenoid (20 CF)
Permissive for Fuel Bypass valve to operate a
established by the digital command FQROUT
Starts Booster Atomizing Air Compressor

Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR) is set to Firing Value Openi

GCV / closing of Bypass valve depends on this.

NO
Failure to Ignite
alarm appears Turbine
on Crank Mode

Flame is
detected in
YES FSR cuts back t
2 out of 4 scanner
WARM-UP value
and is steady
for 2 secs
WARM UP
displayed

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

Contd
HYDERABAD

Warm Up Timer starts 60 seconds).

Compartment vent Fans started.
Fired Starts Counter incremented. Fired Hours timer ener

After warm-up time, Diesel Engine Accelerates to its full s

FSR is increased at a predetermined rate to accelerate th

ACCELERATING Displayed
At approximately 55 to 60% speed, starting Clutch is autom
disengaged. Diesel Engine cuts back to idle speed and is st
5 min cooldown timer.
Turbine is now self sustaining and accelerates on its own
At ~ 80 % speed,
IGV is opened to 57 deg ( 20 TV-IGV solenoid is energised )
At ~ 95 % speed,
Compressor Bleed Valves are closed
Aux Lube Oil Pump & Aux Hydraulic Pumps are stoped
Turbine Exhaust Frame Cooling fans are started (88 TKI & 2
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

On
GAS

HYDERABAD

N0

Yes

Energises Atomizing
Bypass Solenoid Valv

FULL SPEED NO LOAD Displayed

Enables Manual Raise/Lower of Turbine Speed Reference to

Synchronize the Unit.

If Auto Synch permissive are OK, Generator and line are pre
and above minimums, the Control System will modulate FSR
bring Speed to match the station line frequency and closes
Generator Breaker when Phase angle is OK.

Depending upon Load Mode Selection , Turbine is Loaded to

Reference and load maintained.
PART LOAD / PRE SELECTED
LOAD/ BASE LOAD Displayed
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

10
HYDERABAD

STARTUP CURVE (DIESEL ENGINE)

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

11
HYDERABAD

STARTUP CURVE (STARTING MOTOR)

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

12
HYDERABAD

CHECKS DURING STARTUP

Flame is sensed in all Flame Scanners
Exhaust Temperatures are uniform and Spread is
normal
Acceleration is Smooth and Time taken is in line
with earlier values
Rise in Exhaust Temperature is Uniform
Exhaust Temperature profile is OK and
Spread Values are within Limits
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

13
HYDERABAD

CHECKS DURING STARTUP

Rise in Wheelspace Temperature is Uniform
Vibrations are within Limits and as per earlier
values
Bearing Oil Drain Temperatures are Normal
Opening of Jaw Clutch is at approx. at the same
Speed as earlier

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

14
HYDERABAD

GAS TURBINE

OPERATIONS
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

15
HYDERABAD

PARAMETERS
Temperatures

Pressure

Lube Oil
Hydraulic Oil
Trip Oil
Comp. Discharge
Inlet Air Filter DP
Cooling water

Lube Oil Header

Brg. Drains
Comp. Inlet
Comp. Discharge
Exhaust
Wheelspace
Cooling Water Outlet

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

16
HYDERABAD

PARAMETERS
OTHERS

Vibrations
Noise, Rubs
Startup Time
Coast Down Time
Fired Starts
Fired Hours

GENERATOR

Voltage
Current
Load
Stator Temperatures

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

17
HYDERABAD

OPERATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC

Start up
Load Hunting
Combustion Trouble
Lower Loads
Higher Temperatures
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

18
HYDERABAD

MACHINE DOS & DONTS

Do not Force any Logic for Startup

Do not attempt Subsequent Starts Without
Troubleshooting if M/C trips during Startup
Record the trends & Analyze present Operation
>>Load Vs Exhaust Temperatures
>>Load Vs CPD
>>Load Vs FSR
>>Load Vs Vibration

Use trend Data from Mark IV/V to Notice incipient

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
Problems

19
HYDERABAD

GAS TURBINE

SHUTDOWN
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

HYDERABAD

20

Shut Down Operation

Gas turbine Shut Down can be achieved by
Two Means
Normal or Fired Shut Down
Emergency Shut down
Manual Emergency Shut Down
Protective Emergency Shut Down

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

HYDERABAD

21

Fired Shut Down

Normal Shut Down Reduces the Fuel to the
Turbine in a Controlled way (up to 20% of
speed and shuts of the Fuel Totally)so as to
Reduce overall Thermal Shock to Turbine
Internals
It is Executed by using STOP Push
Button on Unit Control Page
This is the most Preferred Shut Down Mode
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

22
HYDERABAD

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

HYDERABAD

23

Emergency Shut Down

Shuts of the Fuel immediately by closing
Fuel Stop Valves
Manual Emergency Stop to be used
Judiciously
Emergency Push Buttons are Provided on
-Mark IV/V Panel / Control Desk
-The Manual Push Lever on Over Speed Bolt

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

24
HYDERABAD

STANDBY INSPECTION
When Unit is not run for a long time
Crank the Turbine once in a Fortnight to
drive away Moisture
Check Battery system, Oil levels etc.

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

25
HYDERABAD

GAS TURBINE

PROTECTIONS
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

HYDERABAD

26

Protection System
Electrical Protection systems
>>Over Speed
>>High Exhaust Temperature
>>Low Lube Oil Pressure
>>Low Trip Oil Pressure
>>High Lube Oil Temperature
>>Loss of Flame
>>High Vibration
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

HYDERABAD

27

Protection Systems Contd...

>>Combustion Monitoring
>>Customer Trip
>>Fire Detection in Compartment Enclosures
>>Generator Class A Trip

Mechanical Protections
>>Over Speed Bolt
>>Trip Out Devices Based on Low Trip Oil
>>Manual Emergency Trip Device
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

28
HYDERABAD

Over Temperature Alarm & Trip

TTXM

TTKOT3

TTRX

A>B

A
A>B

TTKOT2

To Alarm Message &

Speed Set Point Lower

OR

A
TTKOT1

A>B
B

L86MR1

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

LATCH
SET
RESET

To
Master
Protection
Alarm &
Trip

29
HYDERABAD

Over Temperature Protection

TRIP

TTXM
Temp.
Feedback

TTKOT2
TTKOT3

TRIP
ALARM
TTRX(Temp. Control
Reference)

Compressor Pressure Discharge

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

30
HYDERABAD

Vibration protection
Standard Vibration Measurements used for
Tripping GT are Velocity Type on Bearing
Housing
Alarm setting = 0.5 / sec
Trip setting = 1.0 / sec
Total System is Tested for Integrity during
Turbine Shut Down by Mark IV / V Panel
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

HYDERABAD

31

Vibration Protection
If All Gas Turbine Sensors
are Disabled or Faulty

OR

T
GROUP
DISABLED
ALARM &
TRIP

If All Generator Sensors are

are Disabled or Faulty

If 3 or more GT Sensors
are Disabled or Faulty

OR
If 2 or more Generator
sensors Disabled or faulty
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

T
START
INHIBIT

32
HYDERABAD

Vibration Trip
Adjacent Sensor

OPTVTD
Any Trip and if any Adj.
Pair Disabled or Alarmed
Any Trip and any Alarm
from other Sensor

OR

SET
AND
LATCH
RESET

Any Trip and if 2 or more

Sensors are Disabled

L39VGTT
Gas Turbine
Trip

RESET
Any Trip and Any Alarm
from another Sensor
Any Trip if 2 Sensor
Inputs or Disabled

OR

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

SET
AND
LATCH
RESET

L39VGT
Generator
Trip

33
HYDERABAD

Vibration Trip Contd..

L39VT

L39VGTT
OR
L39VGT

BB 1

HIGH
VIBRATION
TRIP

+
_

A >B
B

BB 2

OR

T
Vibration
Differential
Alarm

LK39DIFF
OTHER SIMILAR
GROUPS

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

34
HYDERABAD

Combustion Monitoring
Exhaust Temperature Spreads are the
Result of Uneven Combustion in all the
Combustion Chambers
Combustion Monitoring is Built in
Mark IV/V
Combustion Monitoring is Enabled after
Machine Reaches FSNL
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

35
HYDERABAD

Exhaust Spread Calculations

Actual Spread
))TTXSP1 : Highest - Lowest TC
))TTXSP2 : Highest - 2 nd Lowest TC
))TTXSP3 : Highest - 3 rd Lowest TC
Allowable Spread ( TTXSPL )
= 0.145 TTXC - 0.08 CTDA + 30 deg F
During Dynamic Conditions the Allowable
Spread is Increased
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

HYDERABAD

36

Trip Conditions
1. TTXSP1 > TTXSPL
and
TTXSP2 > 0.8 TTXSPL and
The two Lowest TCs are adjacent
2. TTXSP1 > 5 TTXSPL and
TTXSP2 > 0.8 TTXSPL and
The 2nd and 3rd Lowest TCs are Adjacent
3. All Spreads are > TTXSPL
Trip : Any of the above Conditions exists
for more than 9 Sec
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES