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RECOVERY
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Standings correlation
The Vasquez-Beggs correlation
Glasos correlation
Marhouns correlation
The Petrosky-Farshad correlation
VISCOSITY
DEAD OIL VISCOSITY CORRELATIONS
CORRELATIONS
Beals correlation
The Beggs-Robinson correlation
Glasos correlation
Beals Correlation
From a total of 753 values for deadoil viscosity at and above 100F,
Beal (1946) developed a graphical
correlation for determining the
viscosity of the dead oil as a function
of temperature and the API gravity
of the crude.
Uod: 0.32+1.8(107/API4.53))(360/T260)9
a : 10(0.43+8.33/API)
Glasos Correlation
Glaso (1980) proposed a
generalized mathematical
relationship developed from
experimental measurements on
26 crude oil samples.
Uod:[3.141(1010)](T-460)-
The Beggs-Robinson
Correlation
Sugden
Fanchi modified
Fanchi (1985) correlated the
parachor with molecular weight
with a
simple linear equation.
(Pch)i: 69.9+2.3Mi
Further mmodified by
Katz et al
Katz et al. (1943) employed the
Sugden correlation for mixtures by
introducing the compositions of the
two phases
1/4: {[(Pch)i(Axi-Byi)]
A: o/62.4Mo, B: g/62.4Mg
POROSITY
The porosity of a rock is a
measure of the storage capacity
(pore volume) that is capable of
holding fluids
Types
Absolute:Total pore
volume/Bulk volume
PERMEABILITY
Permeability is a property of
the porous medium that
measures the capacity and
ability of the formation to
transmit fluids. The rock
permeability.
k
This rock characterization was
first defined mathematically
by Henry Darcy in 1856.
Effective: Interconnected
pores/Bulk volume
ROCK COMPRESSIBILITY
Hall
Hall (1953) correlated the pore compressibility with porosity as given by the
following
relationship:
Cf: (1.782/0.438)10-6
Newman
Newman (1973) used 79 samples for consolidated sandstones and limestones
to develop a correlation between the formation compressibility and
porosity. The proposed generalized hyperbolic form of the equation is:
Cf: a/[1+cb]
For Consolidated Sandstones
a: 97.32x10-6
b: 0.699993
c: 79.8181
Limestones
a: 0.8535
b: 1.075
c: 2.202x106
Unconsolidated sediments
are loose materials,ranging
from clay to sand to gravel.
Ground water flows through
spaces between the grains
for example; Earthquakes
can
liquefy
unconsolidated
sediments
(but
not
consolidated sediments).
UNCONSOLIDATED RESERVOIRS
Under planned production rates if sand is producing then there is only
sand control completion option
Classes of Completion
Resin Injection
Slotted liners
Pre-packed Screens
Resin-coated Gravel Without Screen
RESIN INJECTION
TO CEMENT THE SAND GRAINS IN SITU, A RESIN IS INJECTED
INTO FORMATION, THROUGH PERFORATION AND THEN
FLUSHED WITH CATALYST.
MOST COMMONLY USED
DISADVANTAGE
the pack creates significant additional drawdown that may affect
productivity
GRAVEL PACKING
Gravel packing has been used by Oil industry since 1930s
Today its most widely employed sand control measure, accounting for
about three quarters of treatments
Procedure
A slurry of accurately sized gravel in a carrier fluid is pumped into
annular space between a centralized screen or either perforateed
casing or open hole
The gravel pack creates a granular filter with high permeability about
120 darcy but pervents formation sand to enter well
Disadvantage
The injecting carrier in formation may damage reservoir permeability
and restrict production.
Completing multiple zone with gravel pack is difficult