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Transformer Erection and Maintenance

Preparation for Transport
Transportation
Erection
Maintenance

Preparation for Transport

Transformer Checking
Accessories Checking

Transformer Checking
Visual Inspection
Is the outer body damaged or not?
Is there oil leakage or not ?
Oil level checking.
Horn-Gaps checking.
Is the silica gel dry(blue in color) ?
Continuity Test (using Megger Insulation Tester)
Test the insulation between Primary side or High Voltage
Side (b/n R&S,R&T and S&T)

If the ohmmeter reads some value it is fine

If the ohmmeter reads Infinite or very high value it is open
therefore there is problem

Contd
Test the insulation between Secondary Side or

Low Voltage Side (b/n R&S,R&T and S&T)

If the ohmeter reads some Low value it is fine

If the ohmeter reads Infinite or very high value it is
open therefore there is problem

Insulation Test
Test the insulation between Primary Side and
Secondary Side (b/n R&r,R&s, R&t and S&r,S&s,
S&t and T&r,T&s, T&t )

If the ohmeter reads Infinite or High value it is fine

If the ohmeter reads some low value it is open
therefore there is problem

Transformer Winding
R

Secondary Side

neutral

Primary Side
s
T
t

Accessories Checking
Check all the accessories are available
Cross arms
Lightening - Arresters
Insulators
Drop out or Cut out Fuse( with proper Fuse Links)
Earthing rods & copper conductors.
Fused Box ( with proper HRC Fuses)
Conductors
And other accessories as show on the picture
Check all the accessories are in appropriate size and rate
The rating of Lighting arrester, drop out fuse and HRC fuse
has to match to the transformer rate.

Pole mounted Distribution Transformer

Transportation
How to Uplift on Vehicle
How to Transport to the site
How to drop from Vehicle
Special care for Bushings, Radiators

Erection
Pole Selection(for wooden pole)

For on-line construction (11 meter poles)

Minimum top diameter

140mm
Maximum top diameter
200mm
Minimum diameter at 1.5m from the bottom at least 190mm

For Dead-End construction (10 meter poles)

Minimum top diameter

140mm
Maximum top diameter
200mm
Minimum diameter at 1.5m from the bottom at least 190mm

Pole Erection
The pole shall be plant 2m deep.
The diameter of planting hole shall be kept minimizing but not lessthan50 cm.
The H-pole shall be exact plumb (i.e. Absolutely vertical)
Both the pole shall be buried to exactly at the same level(not as shown on the
picture)
Properly Stamped according to the nature of soil
Installation of transformer cross-arm
It has to be erected at height of 2.2m from ground level.
It shall be fixed on poles exactly horizontal.
The level shall be checked with spirit level.

The H-pole shall be exact plumb (i.e. Absolutely

vertical)

Contd
Installation of drop-out fuses.
It shall be erected at least a height of 7.2 m from ground.
It shall be checked for proper alignment and matching.
It shall also be connected to earth wire provided
Installation of Surge Arrestors
It uses to protect the transformer against lightning over-

voltage.
They are three in numbers and connected at the top of the Hpole structure.
The earth terminal at the bottom of all the three lightning
arrestors are joined together and connected to the earth wire
provided.

Installation of Fuse Switch

It uses to protect the transformer against high load current
from customers side.
It shall be installed at a height of 2.5 m from ground level
It should be exercised not to exceed the sum of fuse ratings
so that the transformer is protected against over loading. (See
the table of fuse ratings.)

Standard Transformer fuse Ratings

No
.

Trafo capacity

Voltage
level

fuse Ratings

(KVA)

(KV)

Fuse link (Drop

out)

HRC

25

15

63

50

15

63

100

15

100

200

15

10

160

25

33

63

50

33

63

100

33

100

200

33

160

Contd
Installation of Transformer
It has to be lifted using pulley or crane machine.
During the process of lifting , the transformer has
not to be unbalanced.
It shall be ensured that all cover bolts are tightened
before lifting.
Fixing it properly with the cross arm base and poles
The Transformer body and the neutral terminal shall
be connected together with 2xCu25 conductors and
then the body shall be connected through the
earthing wire to earthing rode provided.
Insulation and continuity test

Transformer Maintenance

Transformer Fault
Transformer faults at rural substation

according to Finnish failure statistics report in

1995 and 1996 are caused by: Lighting stroke 70%
Other Weather conditions 5%
Animals 5%
Overload 3%
Other or unknown reasons 12%

Contd

From the statistic report it is clear that

Over voltage protection and Transformer over voltage withstand
level (capacity) are the most important feature for the overall
substation reliability.
The failure due to over voltage can be minimized using
High quality trafo.
Arc horns

Single gap arcing horns connected to the trafo HV bushings as in fig.

Below are used.
Double gap arcing horns, because of the space they require, are very
practical to place it in the support insulator of the pole mount Disconnector.

Lightning arrestor.

The over load failures are avoided by

Careful load monitoring and control
Short circuit protection is realized
LV (HRC) fuses at substation
Fast sensitive feeder protection on the MV voltage feeder at

HV/MV substation.

Arcing Horns

THANK YOU