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COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
-- Lewis Acid - Base reactions:
Base electron pair donor
Acid - electron pair acceptor
-- Coordinate covalent bonds
-- ligands, Lewis bases
-- Complex ions called Metal Complexes
ALFRED WERNERS
COORDINATION THEORY
-- Oxidation number of central atom
-- Coordination number
-- Coordination sphere (containing metal ion)
- anions
- cations
- neutral
-- Geometry
- look at hybridization shapes
Name
aqua
ammine
carbonyl
nitrosyl
ethylenediamine
hydroxo
oxo
fluoro
chloro
bromo
iodo
cyano
isothiocyanato*
thiocyanato*
sulfato
sulfito
nitrato*
nitro*
Various
coordination
geometries
COORDINATION
COMPOUND REACTIONS
Oxidation Reduction
Outer sphere: coordination sphere
and ligands do not change.
Inner sphere: one or more
coordination sphere changes.
Substitution Reactions (Displacement)
Ligand reactions
COORDINATE COVALENT
BONDS AND GEOMETRY
Valence Bond Theory
versus
Crystal Field Theory
Valence Bond
hybridization
Octahedral
d2sp3
Tetrahedral
sp3
Square planar
dsp2
low spin and high spin complexes
The d
orbital
energy
level
diagram
for an
octahedral
complex
Free Co
orbitals
The d
energy
diagrams
for square,
planar,
and linear
complexes
Ligand
CO
CN-NO2en
-NCNH3
-NCSOH2
C2O42-ONOOH-ONO2FCl-SCNS2BrI-
Wavelength in nm
of Peak in Spectrum
of Co(NH3)4X* (nm)
Crystal Field
Splitting Energy
for Co(NH3)5X (kJ/mol)
440
458
272
261
475
496
490
252
241
244
491
503
500
510
533
244
238
239
235
224
550
580
217
206
Large
Pairing
Energy
Small