Engineering Drawing

(MEng 1032
Chapter Six
Sectional Views

Introduction

Machine parts /3D object have

external as well as internal details.
The internal features are not visible in
an exterior view and are required to
be drawn by short dashed hidden
lines.
If there are many such hidden details
represented by hidden lines, the
description becomes confusing.
To avoid this confusion, the objects are
assumed to have been cut and
sectional views are drawn so that

Introduction
Sectional views are used when
important hidden details are in the
interior of an object.
These details appear as hidden lines in
one of the orthographic principal views;
therefore, their shapes are not very well
described
by
pure
orthographic
projection.
Sectional views show how an object
would look if a cutting plane (or saw) cut
through the object and the part in front

Introduction

Making Sectional Drawings

Sectional drawings can be either in the
form of multi-view or pictorial drawing.
Sectional drawings are obtained by
using
cutting
plane
line
and
crosshatching line (section line).
A cutting plane line shows where
object was cut to obtain the section
view.
The part of an object in front of the
cutting plane is removed; and the

Making Sectional
Drawings

Rules of Sectional
Drawings

The cutting plane line is a thick dark

line which uses one of the special
patterns shown above.
The arrows at the ends of the cutting
plane line point in the direction of sight
for the sectional view.

Cont
Crosshatching line shows the solid
surface of the object which were cut
through to produce the sectional
drawings.
Adjacent areas divided by visible line in
a sectional view never both contain the
same crosshatching.
Crosshatching is never bounded by
hidden line.
Crosshatching should not run parallel

Cont
Crosshatching line always drawn at 45o
with the horizontal unless there is an
advantage of using a different angles.
The crosshatching lines should be
spaced as uniformly as possible by
eye. It should be uniformly thin (i.e.
not varying in thickness).
Avoid running crosshatching lines
beyond the visible line; and avoid
stopping the line too short.

Cont

Cont
In the past, different crosshatching line
patterns have been used to indicate
the material of the object.
Now, there are so many different
material types and each general type
has many has many subtypes.
Therefore, the practice now is to use
the cast iron symbol for all materials
and then to detail the specification of
the material in letters in the form of a
note or in the title strip.

Cont

Hatch pattern by American National Standard Institute

Types of Sections
The following are the most common
types of sectional views:
Full section
Half section
Offset section
Broken-out section
Revolved section
Removed section

Types of Sections
1-Full Section:
In a full sectional view, the cutting
plane cuts across the entire object.
Half of the object is removed.
Interior lines behind
became visible.

cutting

plane

No hidden lines on the sectional view, if

possible.
Show the cutting plane in the top view
or side view; and make a full section in

Types of Sections

Types of Sections

Types of Sections

Multiple sectioned views

Types of Sections
2-Half Section:
Half section used mainly for symmetric
objects.
In a half sectional view, the cutting
plane do not cut across the entire
object. It cuts only half way and
intersect at the centerline.
A quarter of the object is removed.
Hidden lines are omitted.
Show the cutting plane in the top view

Types of Sections

Types of Sections

Types of Sections
3-Offset Section:
Offset sections are used to show interior
features that do not lie along a straight
line.
In offset section plane, the cutting plane
is bend to show more features.
Offset sectional view does not denote
location of offset.
Show the cutting plane in the top view or
side view; and make an offset section in
the front view.

Types of Sections

Types of Sections

Types of Sections
4-Brocken-out Section:
A broken-out sectional view is created
by breaking off part of the object to
reveal interior features.
Used to section a small portion of a
drawing.
The view is made by passing the
cutting plane normal to the viewing
direction and removing the portion of
an object in front of it.

Types of Sections

Types of Sections

Types of Sections
5-Revolved Section:
A revolved section is created by
passing a cutting plane through the
cross section of the object, then
revolving the cross section by 90o.
Revolved section is used to show the
cross-sectional shape of a bar, spoke,
or arm in a single view.
This section is especially helpful when
a cross-section varies.

Types of Sections

Types of Sections

Types of Sections
6-Removed Section:
A removed sectional view is created by
making a cross section, then moving it
to an area adjacent to the view.
Removed section is like
section but moved aside.

revolved

Types of Sections

Types of Sections

Conventional
Representations

Conventional representations/practices
are accepted drawing techniques.
Used to make sectional views clear
and avoid confusion.
Associated with elongated parts, thin
parts, shafts, pins, ball bearings, roller
bearings, screws and nuts; objects
that have holes, ribs, spokes, or lugs in
any combination equally spaced in a
circular fashion.

Conventional
Representations

Conventional breaks are used for

revolved
section
views
or
for
shortening the view of an elongated
part.
Ribs, thin parts like gaskets, shafts,
pins, ball bearings, roller bearings,
screws and nuts are not hatched.

Conventional
Representations

Conventional
Representations

Conventional
Representations

Conventional hole representation

Conventional
Representations

Conventional rib representation

Conventional
Representations

Conventional spoke representation

Conventional
Representations

Conventional combined hole and rib

representation

Sectional Auxiliary Views

Sectional auxiliary views may be
fully or partially shown. Parts of the
object that are behind the auxiliary
section are sometimes not show in
order to improve the clarity. That is,
showing the parts of the object behind
the auxiliary section is optional.

Sectional Auxiliary Views

Sections in Pictorial
Drawings

Most of the time full, half and offset

sections are drawn in the form of pictorial
drawing.
In full section pictorial drawing, half part is
removed and the rest half part is drawn as
pictorial drawing.
In half section pictorial drawing, quarter
part is removed and the rest 75% part is
drawn as pictorial drawing.
In offset pictorial drawing, the part to be
removed and drawn depend on the

Sections in Pictorial
Drawings

Full section pictorial drawing

Sections in Pictorial
Drawings

Half section pictorial drawing

Sections in Pictorial
Drawings

Offset section pictorial drawing