Welding Presentation AES

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BASICS OF WELDING AND

WELDING SYMBOLS
CONTENT:
Introduction
Definition: Welding
Welding Terminology
Basics of Welding Symbol
Welding processes and letter designation
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Introductio
n
Weld symbols on drawings was originally published in 1982
based on
BS 499 (British Standards Institution 1980)

ISO 2553 (International Organization For Standardization
1979)
ANSI/AWS A2.4 (American Welding Society-1979)
standards
the current standards are ISO 2553 1992, BSEN 22553 1995,
and ANSI/AWS A2.4 1998
Purpose of welding in drawing

- Shorthand for designers,
- Assures understanding,
- Universal language
- Provides information on Length, penetration, height,
grove
type, number of welds, size of weld, filler
material, weld
shape, surface finishing,
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Welding
Definitions
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Welding is a process of joining two similar work pieces

by melting them together, usually with an additional filler
rod of some sort to take up space. Materials must be
similar .
Welding is a joining process that uses heat, pressure,

and/or chemicals to fuse two materials together
permanently
The American Welding Society (AWS) definition for a

welding process is "a materials joining process which
produces coalescence of materials by heating them to
suitable temperatures with or without the application of
pressure or by the application of pressure alone and with
or without the use of filler material".
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Welding
Terminology
Welded joint types - Structural joints which are
established by positions of the connected

material relative to one another
Weld Types -Weld types define the configuration
of the weld and its underlying design approach.
Most common are
Fillet welds
Groove welds
Welded penetration (for Groove welds)
Weld symbols
Size of weld
Length of weld
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Welded Joint Types

There are 5 basic types of welded
joints:
Butt
Lap
Butt
Lap
Corner
Corner
Tee
Tee
Edge
Edge
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Weld Types
Weld types are categorized by the weld shape or the type of
groove that is filled with welding material.
Most common types of welds are:
Groove
Fillet
Plug
Slot
Other types of welds are:

Flange
Flare
Seam
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Weld Symbols
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Its a small drawing that can be usually interpreted as a

simplified cross section of the weld as below,
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Fillet
Welds
Fillet welds are theoretically triangular in cross-section
Fillet welds join two surfaces at approximately right angles

to each other in lap, tee, and corner joints
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Groove
Welds
Groove
welds
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are specified when a fillet weld is not appropriate for
the job
The configuration of the pieces may not permit fillet welding
A strength greater than that provided by a fillet weld is required
Groove welds are made in the space or groove between the two
pieces being welded
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Weld penetration
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Groove welds fall into two categories

Full penetration
Partial penetration
Fillet
Plug
the entire member cross-section is we

just part of the member cross-section is welde
Full penetration
single bevel
groove weld
Partial penetration
single bevel
groove weld
Full penetration Partial penetration

double vee
single J groove
groove weld
weld
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Tack Weld (Top right)

A temporary weld used to hold
parts in place while more
extensive, final welds are made
Continuous Weld
A weld which extends continuously
from one end of a joint to the other
Stitch Weld (Bottom right)

A series of welds of a specified
length that are spaced a specified
distance from each other
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Location of Elements of a Welding

Symbol
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Reference Line - Always Horizontal
Reference Line (Required element)
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Arrow Line - Arrow points to the line or lines on drawing

which clearly identify the proposed joint or weld area.
Arrow (or
Leader)
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Tail - The tail of the welding symbol is used to indicate the

welding or cutting processes, as well as the welding
specification, procedures, or the supplementary information
to be used in making the weld.
Arrow
Tail
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Welding Specification
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Arrow
side
Allaround
Other
side
Melt through
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Both
sides
Backing or
spacer
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Basic Weld
Symbols
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Weld symbols are used to communicate the specific details and

requirements of each weld to the welder
Weld symbols are included on fabrication and erection drawings
Field Weld Symbol
Horizontal Weld Line
Tail
Note
(Indicating this is
a typical weld)
Leader Line
Length and Spacing of
weld (In Inches)
Size of weld
(In Inches)
Basic Weld Symbol

(Fillet weld symbol shown)
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Size of Weld
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Size of Weld
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Length of Welds
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Size of
Bevels
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8 Basic weld symbols
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Welding Process
Gas Welding
Arc Welding
Brazing
Soldering
Resistance Welding
Solid State Welding
Other Welding
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WELDING PROCESSES
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Gas Welding
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Uses Flame from burning gas to create welding heat.
Arc welding
Uses an electric arc to create welding heat.
Soldering:
Bonding by melting a soft metal to the surface of pieces to be
joined. Low temperature. Good for joining dis-similar materials.
Most common solders are lead-tin alloys.
Brazing:
Similar to soldering, but uses a higher temperature to fuse the filler
metal to the work pieces. Stronger bond. (Includes "Silver
Soldering") Work heated to pre-melt temperatures
Resistance Welding
a group of welding processes which produces coalescence of metals
with the heat obtained from resistance of the work to electric
current in a circuit of which the work is a part, and by the
application of pressure.
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Solid State Welding
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a group of welding processes which produces coalescence at

temperatures essentially below the melting point of the base
materials being joined without the addition of a brazing filler
metal. Pressure may or may not be used.
Other Welding Processes

This group of processes includes those, which are not best
defined under the other groupings. It consists of the following
processes: electron beam welding, laser beam welding, thermit
welding, and other miscellaneous welding processes in addition
to electro slag welding which was mentioned previously.
Cutting
Work is heated to melting point and beyond, and "cut" by
oxidizing metal. (Literally burning it away).
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WELDING PROCESSES AND LETTER

DESIGNATION
Oxyfuel Gas Welding
Oxyacetylene Welding (OAW )
Oxyhydrogen Welding (OHW )
Pressure Gas Welding (PGW)
Arc welding
Carbon Arc (CAW )
Flux Cored Arc (FCAW )
Gas Metal Arc (GMAW )
Gas Tungsten Arc (GTAW )
Plasma Arc Shielded Metal Arc (PAW )
Shielded Metal Arc (SMAW )
Stud Arc (SW )
Stud Arc Submerged Arc (SAW )
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DESIGNATION
Soldering
Dip Soldering (DS)
Furnace Soldering (FS)
Induction Soldering (IS)
Infrared Soldering (IRS)
Iron Soldering (INS)
Resistance Soldering (RS)
Torch Soldering (TS)
Wave Soldering (WS)
Brazing
Diffusion Brazing (DFB)
Dip Brazing (DB)
Furnace Brazing (FB)
Induction Brazing (IB)
Infrared Brazing (IRB)
Resistance Brazing (RB)
Torch Brazing (TB)
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DESIGNATION
Resistance Welding
Flash Welding (FW)
High Frequency Resistance (HFRW)
Percussion Welding (PEW)
Projection Welding (RPW)
Resistance-Seam Welding (RSEW)
Resistance-Spot Welding (RSW)
Upset Welding (UW)
Solid State Welding

Cold Welding (CW)
Diffusion Welding (DFW)
Explosion Welding (EXW)
Forge Welding (FOW)
Friction Welding (FRW)
Hot Pressure Welding (HPW)
Roll Welding (ROW)
Ultrasonic Welding (USW)
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Welding Presentation AES

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BASICS OF WELDING AND

BS 499 (British Standards Institution 1980)

Purpose of welding in drawing

Welding is a process of joining two similar work pieces

Welding is a joining process that uses heat, pressure,

The American Welding Society (AWS) definition for a

established by positions of the connected

Welded Joint Types

Most common types of welds are:

Other types of welds are:

Its a small drawing that can be usually interpreted as a

Fillet welds join two surfaces at approximately right angles

are specified when a fillet weld is not appropriate for

The configuration of the pieces may not permit fillet welding

A strength greater than that provided by a fillet weld is required

Groove welds fall into two categories

the entire member cross-section is we

Full penetration Partial penetration

Tack Weld (Top right)

Stitch Weld (Bottom right)

Location of Elements of a Welding

Reference Line - Always Horizontal

Reference Line (Required element)

Arrow Line - Arrow points to the line or lines on drawing

Reference Line (Required element)

Tail - The tail of the welding symbol is used to indicate the

Weld symbols are used to communicate the specific details and

Weld symbols are included on fabrication and erection drawings

Field Weld Symbol

Horizontal Weld Line

Basic Weld Symbol

Solid State Welding

Uses Flame from burning gas to create welding heat.

a group of welding processes which produces coalescence at

Other Welding Processes

WELDING PROCESSES AND LETTER

WELDING PROCESSES AND LETTER

WELDING PROCESSES AND LETTER

Solid State Welding

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