Physical and

Physiological
Physical and Physiological Changes in adolescents

Adolescence
13 years old onset for most
children
Girls start earlier than boys

PUBERTY

PUBERTY

Hormonal Changes & Primary Sex

Characteristics
Menarche, the first menstrual period for girls.
Spermarche, the first release and production
of sperm for boys.
Androgens & Estrogens, hormones &
chemicals produced in the endocrine glands
that facilitate growth and development

Hormonal Changes & Primary Sex

Characteristics
DEVELOPMENT
AL
CHARACTERIS
TICS

VOICE
MUSCLE

BOY GIRL
S
S
The voice
breaks and
becomes more
husky

The voice
increases in
pitch and
becomes more
melodious
Muscles become Muscles become
firmer and
curvy and
broader
rounder

Hormonal Changes & Primary Sex

Characteristics

Testosterone, it is an androgen
that is strongly associated in the
physical maturation of boys.
Estradiol, is an estrogen that is
strongly associated in the
physical development of girls

Hormonal Changes & Primary Sex

Characteristics

Testosterone, it is an androgen
that is strongly associated in the
physical maturation of boys.
Estradiol, is an estrogen that is
strongly associated in the
physical development of girls

Hormonal Changes & Primary Sex

Characteristics
Sebaceous glands, causes acne and other
skin problems.
Apocrine glands, causes perspiration and
body odors.

Stice and Shaw (2002)

Body-Cathexis, Satisfaction with ones
body.
Physical attractiveness is one of the major
concerns of teenagers as their social
experiences underline its importance.
WHAT IS BEAUTIFUL IS GOOD EFFECT the
assumption that physically attractive
people will be superior to others on many
other traits. (Baumeister & Bushman,
2011)

Stice and Shaw (2002)

Body-Cathexis, Satisfaction with ones
body.
Physical attractiveness is one of the
major concerns of teenagers as their
social experiences underline its
importance.
WHAT IS BEAUTIFUL IS GOOD EFFECT
the assumption that physically
attractive people will be superior to
others on many other traits.
(Baumeister & Bushman, 2011)

Effects of focus on physical

attraction
Spotlight Effect, a psychological
phenomena wherein one assumes
that in a crowd of people the
attention is focuses on the self in
ten-fold.
Some teens also become sensitive
to criticisms and are self-conscious.
This results in low self-esteem and
lack of self-confidence.

Feel good about yourself

You need to remember that is it
understandable to get affected by
these body changes.
To be able to cope well during this
stage, you need to make some
adjustments on how you view the
things that are happening inside and
outside your body.
It is only through self-acceptance
that you become brave enough to
face the whole you.

Social
Development

A period of Storm and Stress

Adolescence is a period of social
pressure.
Peer acceptance becomes very
important.
- Attitudes, Speech, Interests,
Appearance, and Behavior.
- Peer Pressure the expectation that
you comply with the norms of your
peer group.

Social Development
Conformity - defined as the
phenomenon where an individual
follows the group norm, or the
established standards of a community
of people, regardless of ones own
opinions, views and preference due to
the pressure of fitting in with the
group. Thus, conformity modifies ones
behavior in accordance with the will of
the many.

Social Development
Pluralistic ignorance - looking to others
for cues about how to behave, while
they are looking to you; collective
misinterpretation
Why? Because you want to be accepted
in the social group so you would not be
labeled as KJ or be ostracized
(unfriended) in social media.

Social Development
One prefers fewer intimate
relationships than a quantity of close
acquaintances.
One begins to look for relationships
where one is comfortable expressing
your feelings and experiences.
Behavior and social roles start to
change.
Begins to have an identity crisis.

Social Development
Enhanced social skills makes
successful social adjustments.
To cope well with social
pressures, you should learn to
clarify your boundaries so that
you maintain self-reliance.

Social Development
Early adolescence is characterized by
bias regarding the members of the
opposite sex.
As you mature, there is a maturation
of social insight.
One develops to be socially
competent.
Can carry conversations with ease.
Behave properly in social context
Be confident in showcasing ones abilities.

Erik Ericksons Psychosocial

Development

Erik Erickson is the proponent

of the identity theory of
development.
Identity Crisis is the failure
to achieve ego identity
during adolescence.
Ego Identity A sense of who
one is and who one wants to
be.

Erik Ericksons Psychosocial

Development
Erikson noted the potentially
strong impact of peer groups on
the development of ego identity
in adolescence. He noted that
excessive association with
fanatical groups and cults or
obsessive identification with
icons of popular culture could
restrict the developing ego.

Erik Ericksons Psychosocial

Development

Suicide and Depression

Due to social pressure and the
hostile world of virtual
friendships, most teenagers feel
somewhat disconnected with
their immediate social circle that
they feel that no one
understands them or that they
are alone in the world.

Suicide and Depression

Unrealistic academic,
social, or family
expectations can create a
strong sense of rejection
and can lead to deep
disappointment.

Suicide and Depression

Studies show that suicide
attempts among young people
may be based on long-standing
problems triggered by a specific
event. Suicidal adolescents may
view a temporary situation as a
permanent condition. Feelings of
anger and resentment combined
with exaggerated guilt can lead

Suicide and Depression

What to do if your feeling the
blues?
-Reach out for help
-Have a safety plan
-Identify and Process your
emotions
-Turn to physical activities.

Suicide and Depression

http://www.ngf-hope.org/contact-us/
(02) 804-HOPE (4673)
0917 558 HOPE (4673)
2919 (toll-free number for all GLOBE
and TM subscribers)
7 Cups of Tea (Mobile App)

Cognitive /
Mental
Cognitive / Mental Changes and their
Implications

Thinking about Cognition

Have you ever asked yourself

how and why you think the way
you do right now?

Thinking about Cognition

METACOGNITION
THINKING ABOUT THINKING OR THE
THOUGHT PROCESS ITSELF

Thinking about Cognition

How do we think?
What is the process of thought itself?
How does our reasoning mature?

Cognitive Development

Neurons in the corpus

callosum thickens and
connects the left and
right hemispheres of the
brain more effective
towards one another.

Cognitive Development
Corpus Callosum, a broad band of nerve
fibers joining the two hemispheres of the
brain
Right and Left Hemisphere
- each hemisphere controls the contralateral
(opposite) side of the body
- left and right hemispheres exchange
information through a set of axons called the
corpus callosum.

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development
Prefrontal Cortex
- involve in complex decision-making,
planning skills, reasoning and
controlling ones emotions.
- development of the prefrontal cortex
plays a significant role in maturation.
- Amygdala
- the seat of your emotions
- anger, sadness, happiness, pleasure

Cognitive Development
The amygdala matures earlier
than the prefrontal cortex.
While your amygdala is already
fully developed to recognize your
emotions, your prefrontal cortex is
not yet adequately mature to
reason and understand your
experiences objectively and may
fail to control intense emotions.

Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget
Theory of Cognitive
Development
An adolescents

cognitive ability for

abstraction and
advanced reasoning is a
characteristic of the
formal operational

Theory of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development
Since teenagers are at the age
where they are capable of advanced
reasoning abilities and abstractions,
they can now subscribe to the idea
of Metacognition.
Metacognition, is thinking about the
process of thinking itself.
This may result in increased
introspection or egocentrism.

Cognitive Development
Teenagers are now no longer satiated
with simple explanations to the things
that are happening around them but
rather they seek for a deeper meaning
of the things.
Ex. You begin to questions the rules,
social norms, your parents way of
raising you or the beliefs and principles
of your family.

Cognitive Development
This newfound hunger for
understanding of the world then leads
to skepticism, indecisiveness and/or
pickle-mindedness.
Thus, this lack of certainty and clear
goals and understanding of the world
may lead one to engage in
experimentation that may lead to risky
behaviors.

Emotional and
psychological
Changes in ones emotions and feelings

Group Dynamics

BOUNDIN With Your

EMOTIONS
Musculo-emotional Attribution Experiment

Group Dynamics

Emotional Excitation
Experiment
An Experiment to Measure the emotional
reactivity of an individual

Group Dynamics

Rate your mood now

(5 being the highest; 1 being the
lowest)

Group Dynamics

Group Dynamics

Rate your mood now

(5 being the highest; 1 being the lowest)

Group Dynamics

If your reactivity was positive, this indicates that you

were more excited after seeing and thinking of the
image than you were before encountering it.
If your reactivity was negative, this suggests that you
were less excited after seeing and thinking of the image
than you were before seeing it.
Lastly, if your reactivity was zero, this tells us that you
were equally excited before and after the image.

Emotional Development
When you approach the end of your
developmental stage, emotional
stability is gradually attained.
You gain a degree of control on how
you express your emotions.
Emotional Maturity should be
achieved

The Spectrum of Emotions

How to be emotionally mature?

You express your emotions in a

socially acceptable manner.
You exercise critical thinking before
being emotionally carried away.
You realize that lessons can be
learned from difficult experience
and that you gain important life
skills from each obstacle you
conquer.

Spiritual and Moral

Changes in ones spirituality and morality

Sharing Activity

What is most important in your life right

now?
What do you think is the purpose of your
existence?
What kind of life do you want to lead?

Sharing Activity

Your answers in the activity will help you in your

journey in finding the real you.
These indicate your moral framework and the
way you perceive your purpose in life.

Theory of Moral Development

Lawrence
Kohlberg

American
Psychologist
Proponent of the
Morality Theory of
Human
Development.

Theory of Moral Development

Moral and Spiritual Development

Moral Codes / Moral compass
includes your personal and
social codes that guide you to
control behavior and act
accordingly.