Manual J8 Training

Materials
Donald Prather
Technical Services Specialist
Air Conditioning Contractors of America

HVAC Excellence National HVACR Educators Trainers Conference & Expo

March 18-20th, 2013 Las Vegas, NV

The Air Conditioning Contractors

of America (ACCA)
The only nationwide association representing
the technical, educational, and policy interests
of U.S. businesses that design, install and
maintain indoor environmental systems

ACCA History
National Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning
Assn. (1914)
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Contractors of
America (1946)
National Environmental Systems Contractors
Assn. (1968)
Air Conditioning Contractors of America (1969)

Dons History
Maryland 1st Class Stationary Engineer
Licensed HVAC Contractor in Florida
BS Mechanical Engineering Technology
Thomas Edison State College
ACCA Technical Service Manager

How Many Here Teach Manual

J8 Load Calculations?

126 Pages

556 Pages

250 Pages

Manual J7
Hand Sheets
vs
Manual J8
Hand Sheets

vs

Manual J7
Hand Sheets
vs
Manual J8
Hand Sheets

vs

ACCA Instructor Power Point

The intent of this series of MS Power
Point presentations is to provide
instructors with varying levels of
experience the building blocks to teach the
residential HVAC design process over a
wide variety of time frames.

ACCA Instructor Power Point

The material was designed to be used by

time-strapped instructors familiar with
Manual J7 who need course material to
transition to the new Manual J8ae.

ACCA Instructor Power Point

This step-by-step training material can be
opened, modified, adapted, or changed to
meet your needs. It can be pared down to
a condensed overview of the residential
HVAC system design process, for a full
week of training as is, or expanded into a
full semester or by adding case studies or
additional examples, this material could
cover a full school year.

ACCA Instructor Power Point

ACCA also thanks the following for their
recommendations and comments which
sharpened the presentations even further:
Jack Bartell; Virginia Air Distributors
Glenn Hourahan, PE; ACCA Staff
Warren Lupson; Lupson & Associates
Hank Rutkowski, PE; HTR Consulting
David Swett; Omaha Public Power
Richard Welguiucz,; The Trane Company
Wes Davis; ACCA Staff

First Chapters of J8ae

Instructor Complaint:
In Manual 7 we start with interesting stuff:
the real meat! By the time I wade through
the first two chapters of Manual J8ae I
have lost my class.

First Chapters of J8ae

I will now try to briefly cover the pertinent
information from the first two chapters in a
quick and interesting way using the actual
12 slide presentation and a one page
hand out summarizing the exceptions.

First Chapters of J8ae

This will be a little challenging because you are
not students so please have some patience if it
seems I am covering stuff that you all know how
to do better than I do.
Drum Roll Please!

Residential Load
Calculation
Introduction

Miscellaneous Items
Cell/mobile phones and pagers
Please turn off or set on vibrate mode to minimize
disruptions to class
Please take cell phone conversations outside the
training room

Smoking stations outside

Not permitted inside the training room

Restroom locations

Class Objective
To provide the attendee a basic understanding of
heat gain and loss calculations principles in Manual
J8ae, to enable him or her to correctly use manual
worksheets or the software calculation procedure on
the spreadsheet in back the of manual.

Introduction
Long term success in the
residential comfort system
business depends a great deal on
how well system capabilities
match customer expectations. To
accomplish this, contractors
must work with the client first to
establish realistic expectations
and second to install a system
that performs to those
expectations.

Client Interview
Do the contractor and the
client have the same vision?
Heating and cooling
Temperature on each floor
Humidity control
Filtration and air quality
System efficiency & operating
cost
Health and safety (mold,
mildew & back drafting issues)
Building code compliance
Drawing Used with
permission from HARDI

System capability
The system must be compatible with
negotiated list of performance criteria.
System concept (# of zones, single or two stage,
etc.).

Drawing Used with

permission from HARDI

Benefits of an Accurate
Load Calculation
Provide specified comfort & humidity control at
design conditions.
Provide acceptable comfort & humidity control at
part-load conditions.
Provide reasonable comfort at outdoor design
conditions.
Reduce the possibility of indoor mold and mildew.
Optimize installing cost.
Reduce operating cost.
Improve reliability.

Drawing Used with

permission from HARDI

Benefits of an Accurate
Load Calculation cont.
Translate to smaller equipment.
Translate to smaller duct airways and increased
duct
system efficiency.
Minimize service loads imposed on utility grids.
Translate to competitively priced proposals and
quotes.
Minimize surprises after the system is put into
operation.
Demonstrate due diligence in a court of law.
Provide design values for sensible & latent
equipment capacity.

Consequences of Failing to
Make a Detailed and Accurate
Load Estimate
Cause discomfort during design-day weather.
Produce marginal or unacceptable comfort at partload conditions.
Reduce the equipments ability to control indoor
humidity.
Cause short cycling effecting comfort, operating cost
and reducing equipment life.
Translates to large of equipment and ducts.
Increased installed cost resulting is less competitive
quotes.
Increases loads on utility grids.
Awkward position in a court of law.

Business Issues
Your client is important.
You are selling quality, performance and
dependability.
The comfort system is professionally designed and
exceeds minimum standards and practices.
Money spent on design work is a far better
investment than money spent on excess capacity.
You are providing value-added work.
You can be trusted to do things the right way.
You show you care.
You make money.

ACCA System
Design Process

The End

Residential Load
Calculation
Section 2 Making an
Accurate Load Estimate

Miscellaneous Items
Cell/mobile phones and pagers
Please turn off or set on vibrate mode to minimize
disruptions to class
Please take cell phone conversations outside the
training room

Smoking Stations Outside

Not permitted inside the training room

Restroom locations

Making an Accurate Load

Estimate
Preparation of forms and worksheets
section 6.
Survey - appendix 5.
Protocols for estimating heating and
cooling loads.
Manual J dos (mandatory requirements).
Manual J donts (mandatory
requirements).

Preparation of Forms and

Worksheets
Order of procession for block load estimate

Worksheet A: design conditions

Worksheet B C: window, glass
doors & sky light loads
Worksheet D: opaque surface loads
Worksheet E: infiltration loads
Worksheet F: internal loads
Worksheet G: duct loads
Worksheet H: ventilation loads
Form J1ae: room load estimates

Manual J dos

(mandatory requirements)

Use outdoor design conditions recommended

by table 1 manual J.
Use the default indoor design conditions
recommended by manual J.
Consider orientation of the structure on the
site.
Verify all construction details prior to
calculating loads.
Take full credit for all internal shading devices
and external overhangs.

Manual J dos

(mandatory requirements)

Use internal shading devices that are

compatible with the type of room.
Take credit for insect screens when installed
or specified.
Take full credit for rated performance of
construction materials, insulation and
construction features.
Take full credit for tightness of of the
envelope
construction.
Follow the manual J procedures for
infiltration
and ventilation.

Manual J dos

(mandatory requirements)

Take full credit for duct system sealing and

insulation.
Match location as close as possible when
selecting a duct load table.
Match duct supply and return system
geometry.
Use the correct R-values for duct wall
insulation.
Add blower heat to the sensible gain if
equipment performance data is not
adjusted for blower heat.

Manual J Donts
Do not use Manual J for commercial
applications.
Do not use MJ8ae to estimate loads not
compatible with the overview for this
manual.
Do not design for record breaking weather
conditions.
Do not add a safety factor to table 1A.
Do not design for abnormally low or high
indoor temperature or humidity conditions.
Do not assume there is no internal shading.
Do not fail to take full credit for overhangs.

Manual J Donts
Do not assume that the load for the worstcase site orientation can be used
for other
orientations.
Do not reduce known ceiling, wall or floor
R-values just to be safe.
Do not fail to give full credit for the builders
effort to produce a tight envelope.
If a local code specifies a fresh air
requirement, do not assume the
infiltration
rate will satisfy this
requirement.

Manual J Donts
Do not assume that windows and doors will
be open when making the infiltration
estimate.
Do not make worst case everything is
going full blast assumptions about
internal loads.
Do not add extra occupancy loads for
entertaining groups of people.
Do not add internal loads for special
events.

Manual J Donts
Do not arbitrarily assume that ducts are
unsealed.
Do not fail to give full credit for efforts to
provide tight, properly insulated ducts.
Do not apply safety factors during any
stage of the load calculation process.
Do not apply a safety factor to the final
answer or to the equipment selection
procedure.

Making an Accurate Load

Estimate
Improper practices. (Do not use rules-ofthumb)!
Know your software and read the MJ8 text!
Using software for manual J calculations.
Conclusion.

THE
END

Principles of Math: Appendix 4

J8ae
This section should be covered sooner
rather than later and will help students
who need a quick math review as well as
students that need to learn a little about
building construction and materials..

Residential Load
Calculation
Appendix 4 Physical
Principles and
Mathematics

Miscellaneous Items
Cell/mobile phones and pagers
Please turn off or set on vibrate mode to minimize
disruptions to class
Please take cell phone conversations outside the
training room

Smoking stations outside

Not permitted inside the training room

Restroom locations

Course Objective
Understand the physical principles and
mathematics necessary to calculate the
heat loss and gain for a residential building

Physical Principles &

Mathematics Appendix 4
References pg.163
Units of measurement
and measurements
protocols.
Measured dimensions.
Areas of building
components.
Perimeters and
volumes.

Formulas
Area (rectangle)= length x height
Area (triangle) = base x height x 0.5

Formulas
Gross area = rectangular + triangular area
Volume of a box = length x width x height
Triangular prism volume = length x width x
height x 0.5

Ceiling Area Calculation for

Sloped Ceilings

MJ8 Table A4-1 pg. 412

MJ8ae Table A4-1 pg. 164

Physical Principles & Mathematics

Appendix 4
Temperatures dry bulb & wet bulb.

Temperature scales (F/C).

Based on affect of heat on water.
Boiling and freezing points.

Drawings Courtesy of HARDI

F = C x 9/5 + 32
C = 5/9 x (F - 32)

Residential Load
Calculation
Appendix 4 Physical
Principles and
Mathematics

How do We Measure Heat?

Basic unit of
measurement is
British Thermal
Unit BTU.
Amount of heat
to change 1 lb. of
water 1F.
Drawing Courtesy of HARDI

Physical Principles &

Mathematics Appendix 4
Sensible heat causes
a change in temperature
but no change in state.
Types of sensible
transfer.
Latent heat causes a
change in state but no
temperature change.
Types of latent
heat transfer.
Drawings Courtesy of HARDI

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.
Sensible and latent heat equations.
Sensible Btuh = 1.1 x ACF x CFMx T
Latent Btuh = 0.68 X ACF X CFM X Grains

Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR).

SHR = Sensible cooling load Btu/h

Total cooling load Btu/h

Modes of Heat Transfer

Drawing Courtesy of HARDI

Conduction - The flow of heat through a

material, or other material in contact with it.

Modes of Heat Transfer

Convection - The transfer of heat from a surface

to a liquid or gas or vice versa depending on
which is hotter.

Drawing Courtesy of
HARDI

Modes of Heat Transfer

Radiation - The transfer of energy by

electromagnetic waves.

Drawing
Courtesy of
HARDI

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.
Material properties - see table A1-3
Thermal conductivity = 1/ R (resistance) per inch.
Thermal conductance = Conductivity x Thickness
Thermal resistance = 1/ U (conductance)

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.
R-values pg. 170
Table A1-3 R-values for materials.
R per Inch = 1/ U value (conductivity) per in.
Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 etc.

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.
Air film coefficient

Outside Air Film

Inside Air Film

R-Values for
Common
Construction
Materials

Table A4-3
pg. 184

Table A4-3
pg. 184

Table A4-3
pg. 185

Table A4-3
pg. 185

Pg. 171

R-Values for Common

Insulations

R-Values Compression
Adjustment
pg. 171

50%

R-11.5

R-Values for Common

Construction Materials

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.
Transmission coefficient pg. 172
U value = 1btuh per sq. Ft. Per hr.

Drawing Courtesy of
HARDI

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.

Whole panel u-values.

U-value estimate issues.
U-value calculations.
U value =
1___
Rt value

U value =

1__ = .07 BTU

14.45

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.
Drawing Courtesy of HARDI

Temperature
and
temperature
differences
70F - 0F = 70F TD

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.
Daily range.

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.

Heat transfer multiplier (HTM)

HTM = U value X temp. Diff.

Heat loss HTM for opaque panels.

Heat loss HTM for slab floors.
Effective opaque panel gain.
Heat gain HTM for opaque panels.

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.

Heat loss HTM for

fenestration, opaque panels.
Effective heat gain for
windows and glass doors.
Effective heat gain for
skylights.

Default heat gain HTM for

generic fenestration.

Overhang adjustment for

window and glass door HTM.

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.

Duct loads

Supply air moving through ducts

can experience a significant
temperature drop or rise resulting
in large loads for heating/cooling
units..
Duct sealing

Cooling Supply Ducts

passing through an
unconditioned space
must be insulated and
sealed with a vapor
barrier.
Drawings Courtesy of HARDI

Physical Principles &

Mathematics - Cont.

Blower heat.
1,707 Btuh

Moisture migration.

Drawing Courtesy of HARDI

Warm side
Moisture Migration

Cold side

THE
END

JUMP TO SECTION 6 PART 2

Residential Load Calculation
Room Load Estimate

Residential Load
Calculation
Section 6 (Part 2)

Room Load Estimate

Class Objective
Upon completion, the attendee should be able to calculate a
cooling and/or heating load for a residential single-family
structure using Manual J8ae, worksheets and a pocket
calculator.

ACCA House w/add

70
75
50
771

Valparaiso, IN
41
3
90
38

M
67
15
98

1165

Table 6A

Internal Loads

ACCA House w/add

Valparaiso, IN

70

41

75

67

50

90

15

771

38

. 98

3
We
will added up subForm
totals later.
Worksheet:
J1ae

(12 small,6 med & 4 large plants))

In RM
Loads

2400

1165
800
360

www.acca.org/speedsheet