REFORMING

OF
PERTOLEUM

REFORMING
rearrangement

of molecules without much effecting

the average molecular weight of the feed to produce
high quality or high octane number products with or
without catalyst

Products:

Following are the

reformates:
High Octane Number Gasoline
Lighter Hydrocarbon Gases
Hydrogen
Traces of very High Boiling
Materials

Possible reactions
n reforming:

In a typical reforming of
Naphtha of boiling range 85
180 C the yield is as follows
GASOLINE COMPONENT: 84%
HYDROGEN: 11%
UNSATURATES: 4%
LOSSES: 1%

TYPES OF
REFORMING
Thermal
Reforming

Reforming at high temperature and in the absence of

catalyst

Catalytic Reforming

Reforming at varying temperature and in the presence

of catalyst

THERMAL
REFORMING
FEED/ RAW MATERIAL = Neptha
PRODUCTS:
13- 14 % = GAS
75 80% = GASOLINE (81-86 octane number)
Remaining = Polymer and losses
PRESSURE:
Low
TEMPERATURE:
High

CATALYTIC
CatalystsREFORMING

Platinum (Pt)

Iron (Fe)

Lead (Pb)
supported on Porous
Alumina

Gallium (Ga)

Cobalt (Co)

Aurgentum (Au)

Platinum Catalyst

Effect of parameters on catalytic reforming

Effect of variables ( temperature, pressure, space
velocity)

Temperature
Pressure
Catalyst particle size
Trace materials in feed

Effect of variables
Pressure

Effect of variables
Temperature

Effect of variables
Space velocity

COMMERCIAL
CATALYTIC
REFORMING
PROCESSES

MOVING BED
PROCESS

FIXED BED
PROCESS

Non- regenerative
process
e.g. Platforming

Regenerative
process
e.g.Hydroforming

Thermofer
catalytic
refrming (TCR)
process

FLUDIZED BED
PROCESS
Fluidized hydroforming process

Hyperforming
process

Severity:
Gasoline
yield:
91.5%
Octane
Number:
85
High
Severity:
Gasoline
yield:
85.2%
Octane
number:
95

NON-REGENERATIVE
FIXED BED PROCESS
PLATFORMI
NG:

Catalytic reforming process

Catalyst: Platinum and Hylogen on
Alumina base
No regeneration of catalyst
Employs 3 5 reactor systems
Temperature: 455 530 C
Pressure: 33 47 kg/cm

Gasoline yield depends upon severity of

reaction

REGENERATIVE
FIXED BED PROCESS
HYDROFORM
ING:
Gasoline
yield: more
than 75%
Octane
Number: 80
85

Catalytic reforming process

Catalyst: 8 10 % Molybedna on Alumina
support
Regeneration of catalyst occur
Desulphurization also takes place
Temperature: 480 540 C
Pressure: 14 20 kg/cm

MOVING BED PROCESS

THERMOFER CATALYTIC
REFORMING:
Single reactor system
Catalyst: Beads containing 32% chormia on
Alumina base
Catalyst is regenerated
Temperature: 510 540C
Pressure: 12 kg/cm

FLUIDISED BED PROCESS

FLUID HYDROFORMING:
Gasoline
yield: 80%
Octane
Number: 95

Catalyst is regenerated
Catalyst: Powdered (10% molybedna and
90% Alumina)
Temperature: 480C
Pressure: 14 20 kg/cm