CAD OVERVIEW

WHAT IS CAD ?
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of

a wide range of computer-based tools that

assist engineers, architects and other design
professionals in their design activities. It is the
main geometry authoring tool within the
Product Lifecycle Management process and
involves both software and sometimes
special-purpose hardware. Current packages
range from 2D vector based drafting systems
to 3D solid and surface modellers.

Origins and
terminology
CAD originally meant Computer Aided Drafting because in the

early days CAD was really a replacement for the traditional

drafting board. Now, CAD usually means Computer Aided
Design to reflect the fact that modern CAD tools do much more
than just drafting.
CAD is sometimes translated as "computer-assisted",
"computer-aided drafting", or a similar phrase. Related
acronyms are CADD, which stands for "computer-aided design
and drafting", CAID for Computer-aided Industrial Design and
CAAD, for "computer-aided architectural design".
All these terms are essentially synonymous, but there are a
few subtle differences in meaning and application. CAM
(Computer-aided manufacturing) is also often used in a similar
way, or as a combination (CAD/CAM).

Introduction
CAD is used to design, develop and optimize products
CAD is also extensively used in the design of tools and machinery used

in the manufacture of components, and in the drafting and design

of all types of buildings, from small residential types (houses) to the
largest commercial and industrial structures (hospitals and factories).
CAD is mainly used for detailed engineering of 3D models and/or 2D
drawings of physical components, but it is also used throughout the
engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products,
through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies to definition of
manufacturing methods of components.
CAD has become an especially important technology, within CAx, with
benefits, such as lower product development costs and a greatly
shortened design cycle, because CAD enables designers to lay out and
develop their work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing,
saving a lot of time on their drawings.

Fields of use
The AEC industry- Architecture, engineering

and construction
Mechanical (MCAD) Engineering
Electronic design automation (EDA)
Electrical Engineering
Manufacturing process planning
Industrial Design
Software applications
Apparel and Textile CAD

History
A turning point was the development of

SKETCHPAD system in MIT in 1963 by Dr. Ivan

Sutherland (who later created a graphics
technology company with Dr. David Evans).
The distinctive feature of SKETCHPAD was
that it allowed the designer to interact with
his computer graphically: the design can be
fed into the computer by drawing on a CRT
monitor with a light pen.
Effectively, it was a prototype of graphical
user interface, an indispensable feature of
modern CAD.

Software providers
today
There

are many CAD software products

currently on the market. More than half of the
market is however covered by the four main
PLM
corporations
Autodesk,
Dassault
Systemes, PTC, and Siemens UGS
Architectural CAD packages include ArchiCAD.
CAD packages can be classified into three
types: 2D drafting systems, mid-range 3D
solid feature modelers and high-end 3D hybrid
systems

Capabilities
The capabilities of modern CAD systems include:
Wireframe geometry creation
3D parametric feature based modelling, Solid
modelling
Freeform surface modelling
Automated design of assemblies, which are
collections of parts and/or other assemblies
create Engineering drawings from the solid models
Reuse of design components
Ease of modification of design of model and the
production of multiple versions and etc

AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a suite of CAD software products for 2-

and 3-dimensional design and drafting, developed

and sold by Autodesk, Inc.. The original concept of
AutoCAD in the 1980s was to promote customization
and feature extensibility, and was what made it
especially
appealing
to
customers.
Most
contemporary CAD products at that time offered little
if any customization capability and most were far
more expensive
Modern AutoCAD includes a full set of basic solid
modeling and 3D tools, but lacks some of the more
advanced capabilities of solid modeling applications

Version history
Version 1.0 (Release 1) - December 1982
Version 1.2 (Release 2) - April 1983
Version 1.3 (Release 3) - August 1983
Version 1.4 (Release 4) - October 1983
Version 2.0 (Release 5) - October 1984
Version 2.1 (Release 6) - May 1985
Version 2.5 (Release 7) - June 1986
Version 2.6 (Release 8) - April 1987
Release 9 - September 1987
Release 10 - October 1988
Release 11 - October 1990
Release 12 - June 1992 (last release for Apple Macintosh)
Release 13 - November 1994 (last release for Unix, MS-DOS and

Windows 3.11)
Release 14 - February 1997

What we have
1. Definition of CAD
learned
:
2. CAD terminology
3. Usage of CAD
4. CAD history
5. Software providers
6. Capabilities of CAD
7. Overview of AutoCAD software
8. AutoCAD history

COMPUTER OVERVIEW

What is computer?
A

computer is a machine for manipulating data

according to a list of instructions.
Computers take many physical forms. Early electronic
computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much
power as several hundred modern personal computers.
Today, computers can be made small enough to fit into a
wrist watch and be powered from a watch battery.
Society has come to recognize personal computers and their
portable equivalent, the laptop computer, as icons of the
information age.
The ability to store and execute programs makes computers
extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators.

Computer
Notebook / Laptop

Multimedia
Computer

Personal Computer

How computers work

A general purpose computer has four main sections:
the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU),
the control unit
the memory and
the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O)
The control unit, ALU, registers, and basic I/O (and

often other hardware closely linked with these) are

collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU).
Early CPUs were comprised of many separate
components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have
typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit
called a microprocessor.

Computer Components
Computer Display Monitor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Computer Keyboard
Computer Mouse
Hard disk drive
CD-ROM / DVD-ROM
Plotter
Printer
Speaker

Computer Display
Monitor
A computer display monitor, usually called simply a monitor, is

a piece of electrical equipment which displays viewable images

generated by a computer without producing a permanent record.
The word "monitor" is used in other contexts; in particular in
television broadcasting, where a television picture is displayed to a
high standard.
A computer display device is usually either a cathode ray tube or
some form of flat panel such as a TFT LCD display.
The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry to generate a
picture from electronic signals sent by the computer, and an
enclosure or case.
Within the computer, either as an integral part or a plugged-in
interface, there is circuitry to convert internal data to a format
compatible with a monitor.

CRT Monitor

Flat Screen Monitor

Central Processing Unit

(CPU)
A

central processing unit (CPU), or

sometimes
simply
processor,
is
the
component in a digital computer capable of
executing a program.
It
interprets
computer
program
instructions and processes data.
CPUs
provide the fundamental digital
computer trait of programmability, and are
one of the necessary components found in
computers of any era, along with primary
storage and input/output facilities

Central Processing
Unit

CPU plug in motherboard

Computer Keyboard
A

computer keyboard is a peripheral

partially modeled after the typewriter
keyboard.
Keyboards are designed for the input of text
and characters and also to control the
operation of a computer.

Computer Keyboard

Computer Mouse
A mouse (plural mice or mouse) functions as a

pointing device by detecting two-dimensional

motion relative to its supporting surface.
Physically, a mouse consists of a small case, held
under one of the user's hands, with one or more
buttons.
It sometimes features other elements, such as
"wheels", which allow the user to perform various
system-dependent operations, or extra buttons or
features can add more control or dimensional input.
The mouse's motion typically translates into the
motion of a pointer on a display.

Contemporary Mouse

Optical Mouse

Plotter
A plotter is a vector graphics printing device that

connects to a computer.
Pen Plotters print their output by moving a pen across
the surface of a piece of paper. This means that
plotters are restricted to line art, rather than raster
graphics as with other printers. They can draw
complex line art, including text, but do so very slowly
because of the mechanical movement of the pens.
When computer memory was very expensive, and
processor power was very slow, this was often the
fastest way to produce color high-resolution vectorbased artwork, or very large drawings efficiently.

Plotter

CD-ROM Drive / DVD-ROM Drive

CD-ROM discs or DVD-ROM discs are read

using CD-ROM or DVR-ROM drives, which are

now almost universal on personal computers.
A CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drive may be
connected to the computer via an IDE (ATA),
SCSI, S-ATA, Fire wire, or USB interface
Virtually all modern CD-ROM and DVD-ROM
drives can also play audio CDs as well as
Video CDs and other data standards when
used in conjunction with the right software.

CD-ROM Drive and DVD-ROM Drive

Computer Storage
Component
Hard Disk Drive
Diskette
USB Flash Drive
Compact Disc (CD)
Digital Video Disc (DVD)

Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred

to as a hard drive or hard disk, is a nonvolatile storage device which stores digitally
encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with
magnetic surfaces.
"drive" refers to a device distinct from its
medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or
a floppy disk drive and its floppy disk.
Early HDDs had removable media; however,
an HDD today is typically a sealed unit with
fixed media

Hard Disk Drive

Diskette / Floppy Disk

A floppy disk is a data storage device that is composed

of a disk of thin, flexible ("floppy") magnetic storage

medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell.
Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk
drive or FDD, the initials of which should not be
confused with "fixed disk drive", which is another term
for a hard disk drive.
Developed in 1969 by IBM, floppy disks in both 3.5" and
5.25" formats of storage,
from the early 1980s to the late 1990s. However, they
have now been largely superseded by Flash and optical
storage devices.

Diskette / Floppy Disk

USB Flash Drive

USB

flash drives are NAND-type flash

memory data storage devices integrated with
a USB (universal serial bus) interface.
Typically small, lightweight, removable and
rewritable
Memory capacities for USB Flash Drives
currently are from 32megabytes up to
64gigabytes.
USB flash drives offer potential advantages
over other portable storage devices
They are more compact, generally faster, hold

USB FLASH DRIVE

Compact Disc (CD)

A Compact Disc or CD is an optical disc used to

store digital data, originally developed for storing

digital audio.
Standard CDs have a diameter of 120mm and can
hold approximately 80 minutes of audio and 700
megabyte of data.
Compact Disc technology was later adapted for use
as a data storage device, known as a CD-ROM, and to
include record-once and re-writable media (CD-R and
CD-RW respectively). CD-ROMs and CD-Rs remain
widely used technologies in the Computer industry as
of 2007.

Compact Disc (CD)

Digital Video Drive (DVD)

DVD ("Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video

Disc") is a popular optical disc storage media format

that can be used for data storage, including movies
with high video and sound quality.
DVDs resemble Compact Discs in that they have the
exact appearance (i.e. diameter: 120mm or 4.72in,
occasionally 80mm or 3.15in.) and both are optical
storage media so similar that a DVD reader or writer
can usually read CDs, but DVDs are encoded in a
different format of much greater density, allowing a
data storage capacity 8 times greater (single-layer,
single-sided).

Digital Video Disc (DVD)

Blue-ray Disc
Blu-ray Disc is an optical dis storage medium designed to supersede the

standard DVD format.

Its main uses are for storing high-definition video, PlayStation 3 video games, and
other data, with up to 25GB per single-layered, and 50GB per dual-layered disc.
The name Blu-ray Disc derives from the "blue laser" used to read the disc. While a
standard DVD uses a 650nanometer red laser
Blu-ray Disc uses a shorter wavelength 405nm laser, and allows for almost ten
times more data storage than a DVD. While this laser color is called "blue," it is
actually violet (purple) to the eye, and is very close to ultraviolet ("blacklight").
During the high definition optical disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the
HD DVD format.
Blu-ray Disc was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing
makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures.
As of June 2009, more than 1,500 Blu-ray Disc titles are available in Australia and
the United Kingdom, with 2,500 in Japan, the United States and Canada.

What we have learned.

Overview of computer
How is computer working
Computer component / hardware
Computer storage component