Modern Management Techniques

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Plan of Presentation
Introduction to
Management
Management techniques

Characteristics of management techniques

Classification of management techniques
Network Analysis
PERT
CPM
Management by Objectives
Total Quality Management
Summary
Conclusion
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Introduction
What is Management?
To co-ordinate the efforts of people

to accomplish goals
objectives
using available resources
efficiently and effectively

Transforming resources to utility.

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Co-ordinating

Organizing
Planning

Commanding

Forecasting

Controlling

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Management Techniques
Definition :
Systematic and analytical methods used to
assist in decision-making, the improvement
of efficiency and effectiveness and in
particular, the conduct of the two key
managerial activities of planning and
control

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Characteristics of management techniques:

Systematic :
Consist of specified and often sequential methods
of tackling a problem, providing information for
decision making or improving operational
efficiency.
Ensure that each step is carried out in prescribed
manner.

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 Analytical
Techniques have been developed by considering what and
possibly quantitative methods are required to deal with
every aspect of a situation and achieve an end result.
They subject complex situations to close and systematic
examination and resolve them into their key elements.

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 Quantitative
Management techniques measure in numerical or financial
terms what is happening and quantify forecasts of future
trends.
Management techniques place monetary values on
performance reports, forecasts, plans.

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 Applications of management techniques.

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General management
Marketing management
Operations management
Financial management
Human resource management
Information technology
Management science
Planning and resource allocation
Efficiency and effectiveness

 Traditional methods of management are primarily

based on behavioural sciences.

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Personnel selection
Training and retraining
Motivational methods
Development of communication channels and skills
Supervision
Leadership development
Team building and conflict resolution

 The conventional methods of management are no

longer adequate to meet the demand of todays
projects
With larger and complicated organisations with their
own unique organisational and structural issues a
need has been felt for better, more effective and
innovative managerial methods

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Modern management
techniques

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A. Statistical techniques
1) Time trends and forecasting
2) Decision theory and tree

B. Activity analysis
1)
2)
3)
4)

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Time motion studies

Work sampling and activity analysis
Queuing theory
Gantt chart and work shedule.

C. Mathematical techniques
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

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Simulation study /model

System analysis
Linear programming
Inventory control
Precedence and arrow diagramming
Network analysis
PERT
CPM

D. Financial techniques
1) Monitoring expenditure
2) Cost accounting and analysis
3) DALY
4) Cost Benefit Analysis
5) Cost effective analysis
6) Performance budget
7) PPBS
8) Zero base budgeting
9) Input output analysis
10) Out come budget
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E) Miscellaneous
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

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Management by Objectives and appraisal by results

Management by exception
Situation analysis
Current state assesment
SWOT Analysis
Log frame Analysis

Conclusion
There is need and scope for adoption of such techniques to health
sector management to ensure efficiency.
Methods used may be less exact as the sophisticated quantitative
techniques in common usage may not be immediately applicable
in the health field.
Several of these techniques have shown their use fullness in
healthcare establishment.
Though many of these modern techniques require the services of
a specialist, it is advantageous if health officers have some
knowledge and appreciation of the purpose, methodology use
fullness of common techniques

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