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Wi-Fi & Bluetooth

Technology
Seminar by
Sahil Tomar
UE133087
CSE Sec 2
UIET,PU.

Introduction
Wireless Technology is an alternative to Wired
Technology, which is commonly used, for
connecting devices in wireless mode.
Physically means communication without
wires.
Technically means transmission of signals
through a Electromagnetic waves.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that
refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications
standard for Wireless Local Area Networks
(WLANs).
Wi-Fi Network connect computers to each other,
to the internet and to the wired network.

How a Wi-Fi Network


Works ?
A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an access
point to an internet connection.
An access point acts as a base station.
When Wi-Fi enabled device encounters a hotspot
the device can then connect to that network
wirelessly.
A single access point can support up to 30 users
and can function within a range of 100 150 feet
indoors and up to 300 feet outdoors.
Many access points can be connected to each
other via Ethernet cables to create a single large
network.

How are WLANs


Different?
They use specialized physical and data
link protocols
They integrate into existing networks
through access points which provide a
bridging function
They let you stay connected as you
roam from one coverage area to
another
They have unique security
considerations
They have specific interoperability
requirements
They require different hardware

IEEE 802.11 a
Introduced in 2001
Operates at 5 GHz (less
popular)
54 Mbps (theoretical speed)
15-20 Mbps (Actual speed)
50-75 feet range
More expensive
Not compatible with 802.11b

IEEE 802.11 b
Appear in late 1999
Operates at 2.4GHz radio spectrum
11 Mbps (theoretical speed) - within 30 m
Range
4-6 Mbps (actual speed)
100 -150 feet range
Most popular, Least Expensive
Interference from mobile phones and
Bluetooth devices which can reduce the
transmission speed.

IEEE 802.11 g
Introduced in 2003.
Combine
the
feature
standards (a & b).
100-150 feet range.
54 Mbps Speed.
2.4 GHz radio frequencies.
Compatible with b

of

both

Wi-Fi Network Topologies


AP-based
(Infrastructure Mode)
Peer-to-peer
Mode)

topology

Point-to-multipoint
topology

topology

(Ad-hoc

bridge

Wi-Fi Application
The client communicate
Access Point.

through

BSA-RF coverage provided by an AP.


ESA-It consists of 2 or more BSA.
ESA cell includes 10-15% overlap to
allow roaming.

AP-Based Topology
a

Peer to Peer Topology


AP is not required.
Client devices within
communicate directly
other.

a cell can
with each

It is useful for setting up of a


wireless network quickly and easily.

Infrastructure Mode & Ad-Hoc Mode


.

Point to Multipoint Topology


used to connect a LAN in one
building to a LANs in other
buildings.
receive a clear line of sight between
buildings.

Wi-Fi Security Requirements


Confidentiality
Messages sent must be encrypted.
Authenticity
Origin of messages received must be verified.
Integrity
Integrity of messages received must be verified.
access control
Access for legitimate entities only.

Wi-Fi Advantages
Mobility
Ease of Installation
Cost
Reliability
Security
Use unlicensed part of the radio spectrum
Roaming
Speed

Wi-Fi Disadvantages
Interference
Degradation in performance
High power consumption
Limited range

Bluetooth
Short-range communications technology
Intended to replace cables connecting
portable and/or fixed devices
Still able to maintain a high level of
security
Defines uniform structure for wide range of
devices to connect and communicate
Key features are
Robustness, low power, and cost

Bluetooth

Contd

Intended to create a PAN


Operating range of 10 metres, with
optional 100 metre mode.
Transmission power of 1 mW
Operates in free ISM band [2.4000
2.4835 GHz]

Basic Uses
Cable replacement
Voice and Data access points
Ad-hoc/temporary networking
Up to 8 devices can be networked at a
time

The start of Bluetooth?


Ericsson Mobile Communication
Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
Ericsson, Toshiba, Intel, Nokia, & IBM

Classes Of
Bluetooth
Bluetooth devices are classified
according to
three different power classes, as
shown in the
following table.

Functional
Overview

Standby
Waiting to join a piconet

U n c o n n e c te d
S ta n d b y

S ta n d b y

Inquire
Ask about radios to
connect to

Page

T
C o n n e c tin g
S ta te s

Connect to a specific
radio

Connected

In q u ir y

Low Power connected


states

September

Page

T
A c tiv e
S ta te s

T r a n s m it
d a ta
AM A

Actively on a piconet
(master or slave)

Park/Hold

ty p ic a l= 2 s

Low Pow er
S ta te s

C o n n e c te d
AM A

t y p ic a l= 2 m s

R e le a s e s
AM A
A d d re s s

Ian Gifford

t y p ic a l= 0 . 6 s

t y p ic a l= 2 m s

PAR K
PM A

H O LD
AM A

22

How does Bluetooth work?


When device is put in discoverable
mode, each device only knows about
itself.

How does Bluetooth work?

Contd

INQUIRY identifies who else is in the


range

How does Bluetooth work?

Contd

PAGING creates a link between a device

How does Bluetooth work?


EXPANDING creates link between
following devices

Contd

Piconets
Definition
Two or more Bluetooth units
sharing the same channel
One device acts as a master and the devices connected
to it act as slaves.
Slaves can not directly send data to each other.
In effect, the master acts as a switch for the piconet
and all traffic must pass through the master.
There can be up to 7 active slaves in a piconet but only
one master.

Piconet formation
Master
Active Slave
Parked Slave
Standby

Inter piconet
communication
Cordless
headset

mouse
Cordless
headset

Cell phone

Cell phone

Master
Cell phone

Cordless
headset

Active Slave

Scatternets
DEFINITION

A set of two or more interconnected piconets form


scatternets.
A Bluetooth unit can be a slave in two or more
piconets, but it can be a master in only one.
Devices that participate in two or more piconets may
act as gateways.
Bluetooth units can only transmit and receive data in
one piconet at a time.
Piconets may be identified by the master's identity
and clock.
Devices give notification of inactivation to master
before becoming inactive in its piconet for a finite
length of time.

Scatternet
formation
Master
Active Slave
Parked Slave
Standby

Advantages vs. Disadvantages


Advantages

Disadvantages

Offers a great deal of


possibilities

Data rate of only 1 MBps.

Freedom from cables

Open to interception and attack

Accuracy in Local Area Networks Battery use increased on


(LAN)
devices
Operating range of up to 100
metres
Low power and low processing
Applications are virtually
endless
Inexpensive
Does not need to be configured
Security features of
authentication, authorization, and
encryption

Cannot work in a long distance


environment

Costs of Bluetooth
Uses low-cost transceiver microchips
Estimated to cost around $4 to
manufacture
Operates on unlicensed radio spectrum
No charge in communication between
devices

Only cost associated is for the actual


product that is enabled with
Bluetooth

Applications of Bluetooth

Telephones
Headsets
Computers
Computer accessories
LAN peripherals
Multimedia Devices

Limitations/Future
Security data transmission is not
completely secure
BT is relatively new, it is still currently
being developed, expanded, and
improved.
The next stage in the development of
Bluetooth is in creating more applications
and devices of the technology while
maintaining efficiency and low-cost

Why Bluetooth?
Expansive growth in the last few years
Recent driving laws will cause an increased
need for Bluetooth technology, and we would
like everyone to know what it exactly is
Relates to our Bachelor of Technology program,
as Bluetooth technology is used in all three
fields, and the material we are learning will
apply directly in the production of this relatively
new form of communication
It is the future of communication, as the amount
of Bluetooth application possibilities is endless

THANK
YOU

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