IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

THE MOST GRACIOUS

THE MOST MERCIFUL

Group 3 Members
Syed Qasim Ahmad
Ali Haidar
Hafiz Muhammad Usman
Raja Hilal Ahmad
Rizwan Suleman
Muhammad Azhar

031
029
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016
001
040

TOPIC
METHODS OF
COMPACTING CONCRETE
IN THE FIELD

CONTENTS
What is compaction
Why we do compaction
Method of compaction
Spinning compaction
Hand compaction
Hand compaction method
Mechanical compaction
Types of mechanical vibration
Advantages
Pressure and Jolting compaction
Compaction factor Test

WHAT IS
COMPACTION?
Compaction

is a process of expelling the

entrapped air from concrete.
Why compaction is needed
If we dont expel this air, it will result into
honeycombing and reduced strength. It has
been found from the experimental studies that
1% air in the concrete approximately reduces
the strength by 6%.

Why we need compaction

To drive out entrapped air to densify

fresh concrete.
During mixing , transportation & placing air

gets entrapped .
Quality of entrapped air is inversely

proportional to workability.

CONT
Entrapped air adversely affect quality &

strength .
To make fresh concrete conform

intimately to shape of form .

Increased homogeneity &

uniformity.

METHODS OF CONCRETE
COMPACTION
There are two methods of compaction adopted in

the field as given below.

Spinning Compaction
Hand Compaction
Mechanical Compaction
Pressure and Jolting Compaction

Spinning Compaction
This

is one of recent
compaction of concrete.

methods

for

the

This method is adopted for the fabrication of

concrete pipes.
The plastic concrete when spun at a very high

speed gets well compacted by centrifugal

force.

Spinning
compaction

HAND COMPACTION
Hand compaction is used for ordinary and

unimportant structures.
Workability should be decided in such a way

that the chances of honeycombing should be

minimum.

METHODS OF HAND
COMPACTION
Rodding
Ramming
Tamping

RODDING
It is a method of poking with 2m long, 16 mm

dia rod at sharp corners and edges.

The thickness of layers for rodding should be

15 to 20 cm.


RAMMING

It is generally used for compaction on ground

in plain concrete.
It is not used either in RCC or on upper floors.

TAMPING
It is a method in which the top surface is beaten by

wooden cross beam of cross section 10 cm x 10

cm, Both compaction and leveling are achieved.
It is mainly used for roof slabs and road

pavements.

MECHANICAL
COMPACTION
Vibration is imparted to the concrete by

mechanical means.
It causes temporary liquefaction so that air

bubbles come on to the top and expelled

ultimately.

TYPES OF MECHANICAL VIBRATION

Mechanical vibration can be of various types

as given under.
Internal vibration
External vibration
Table vibration
Platform vibration
Surface vibration

INTERNAL VIBRATION
It

is most commonly used technique of

concrete vibration. Vibration is achieved due
to eccentric weights attached to the shaft. The
needle diameter varies from 20 mm to 75 mm
and its length varies from 25 cm to 90 cm. the
frequency range adopted is normally 3500 to
5000 rpm. The correct and incorrect methods
of vibration using internal vibration needles
are shown below.

Compaction of Concrete

EXTERNAL VIBRATION
This is adopted where internal vibration cant be

used due to either thin sections or heavy

reinforcement.
Disadvatages
External vibration is less effective and it consumes
more power as compared to the internal vibration.
The form work also has to be made extra strong

when external vibration is used.

TABLE VIBRATION
It is mainly used for laboratories where

concrete is put on the table.

PLATFORM VIBRATION
It is similar to table vibrators but these are

generally used on a very large scale.

SURFACE VIBRATION
These are also called screed board vibrators.

The action is similar to that of tamping. The

vibrator is placed on screed board and
vibration is given on the surface. It is mainly
used for roof slabs, road pavements etc., but
it is not effective beyond 15 cm depth.

Cont.
Also called screed board vibrator .
Suitable for :Roof slab , Floor slab , Road surface .
Effective upto 15cm depth .

Advantages :Efficient than manual .

Concrete can placed and compacted difficult

sections .
Slump requirement- 4cm with vibration.

Cont
Facilitates use of less water thus

increased strength and durability .

In essence , method of removal of

entrapped air different.

vlc-record-2016-05-31-22h49m02s-Screeds Concrete Fast and Easy.mp4-.mp4

Compaction by pressure and jolting

This is one of effecting method of compacting

very dry concrete. This method is often use

for compacting hollow blocks,cavity blocks
and solid concrete blocks.
The stifff concrete is vibrated,pressed, and

given jolts
By emplying great pressure a concrete of very

low water cement ratio can be compacted to

yield very high strenght.

Compaction by pressure & jolting

Used for hollow blocks,solid concrete blocks.
Stiff concrete vibrated pressed & given jolts .
Stiff concrete is compacted to get dense form &

good strenght is achived.

Diagram

COMPACTION FACTOR
TEST
Cement concrete to be tested is placed in the

hopper A and its bottom released. The concrete

falling in hopper B achieves some compaction.
The bottom of hopper B is now released so that

concrete now falls in cylinder C. surplus concrete is

removed from the top of cylinder. Concrete in the
cylinder is now weighed. Let this weight be W1 .
After cleaning the cylinder it is refilled with concrete

in layers of 5cm each. Every layer of concrete is

thoroughly compacted with an iron rod. Concrete in
the cylinder is weighted again. Let this weight be W 2

 The ratio of the two weights is known as

compaction factor.

Compaction Factor= W1/W2

A compaction factor of 0.85 represents a
mix of poor workability, 0.92 represents
medium
and
0.95
represents
good
workability.

Compaction of concrete is very important in

developing qualities like strength, durability,

imperviousness by making the concrete dense
and free from voids.
In case of RCC compaction is done by pinning

with an iron rod or even with trowel blade.

Excess temping should be avoided as

otherwise water, cement and finer particles

would come to the surface and results in non
uniform concreting.

Diagram

In case of important and big works,

compaction of is done with vibrator.

Use of vibrator best and the most efficient

way of compacting concrete. It gives very

dense concrete.
Care should be taken not to make excessive

use of vibrators otherwise the concrete

becomes non homogeneous

THANK
YOU