Transportati

on
Of
Gases

Transportation of gases can be conveniently

done by using several machineries such as
Fans
Blowers
Compressors
Vacuum pumps
Jet ejectors

Fan, Blowers, And Compressors

Machineries used for compressing and moving gases

conveniently by range of pressure difference produced
in the equipment.

Fans discharge large volumes of gases into open

spaces or large ducts.

Low speed machines that generate very low

pressures, upto 0.04 atm

Blowers are high speed rotary machines that generate

maximum pressure of 2atm

Compressors discharge pressures from 2 atm to

several thousands of atmospheres.

Density of fluids doesnot change appreciably in fans.

But in blowers and compressors density is too

great..

FANS

Large fans are usually centrifugal, i.e., they work on

the same principle of centrifugal pumps.

Mounted inside light sheet metal casings.

Clearence are large & discharge heads are small.

Typical fan system component

As in ventilating fans, nearly all the energy is

converted to velocity energy.

If there is a gain in velocity it absorbs a good fraction

of added energy which is helpful in estimating the
efficiency and power.

If both pressure and velocity heads are taken into

consideration the total efficiency will be about 70%.

Incompressible flow equations are used as there is a

small change in density in fans.

Centrifugal
fans

Forward curved fan

Backward curved fan

Canadian blower

Fan air company

Choose the right

fan
Noise
Rotational speed
Air stream characteristics
Temperature range
Variations in operating conditions
Space constraints and system layout
Purchase costs, operating costs (determined by
efficiency and maintenance), and operating life

Efficiency of Various Fans

Blowers and Compressors

Even though the construction details are different for

both, same equipment are used for handling gases and
liquids.

There are two basic types-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT &

CENTRIFUGAL in which kinetic energy is converted into
pressure energy.

As the density of gases is less when compared to liquids

higher speeds of operation can be employed. Also
lighter valves can be used in delivery and suction lines.

Compressors are having small clearance b/w moving

parts. Because gases are having low viscosity, so
leakage can occur.

Further we can classify them on the basis of how much

volume they compresses.

Compression results in heating in gas, so there will be

increase in temperature which may limit the operation.

So coolers are necessary to limit this effect.

Centrifugal blower

Difficulties in assessing
the performance of fans
and
blowers
Non-availability of fan specification data
Difficulty in velocity
measurement
Improper calibration of the pitot tube, manometer,
anemometer & measuring instruments
Variation of process parameters during
tests

Vacuum Pumps
A compressor that takes suction at a pressure below
atmospheric
and
discharges against atmospheric pressure is called
vacuum pump.

Any

blower or compressor can be uesd as a vacuum

pump by a little modification.
It

should accept very lowdensity gas at the suction

and attain the large compression ratio.

Jet Ejectors

It is also a vacuum pump but the difference is that it

will not have any moving parts.

Here the fluid to be moved is entrained in a high

velocity stream of second fluid.

In ejectors motive fluid and the fluid to be moved will

be same,i.e.,for example we can say that compressed
air can be used to move air.

In industrial area ejectors are having much greatness,

they are used to draw fairly high vacuum.

Jet ejectors requires a very little attention and maintenance.

The industries deals with corrosive gases, which will

damage mechanical vacuum pumps .

But ejectors to extent are not affected by this.

Thank U

By
Aaromal S
12A91A2701