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Dental Anatomy
The most common dental procedures

Dental Anatomy and Physiology

There are two types of teeth:
Primary

(deciduous)

Secondary

(permanent)

Dental Anatomy and Physiology

Dentition (teeth): There are two dentitions
Primary ( Milk teeth)

Consist of 20 teeth
Begin to form during the
first trimester of
pregnancy
Typically begin erupting
around 6 months
Most children have a
complete primary
dentition by 3 years of age

Secondary( Permanent Teeth)

Consist

of 32 teeth in most cases

Begin to erupt around 6 years
of age
Most permanent teeth have erupted by age 12
Third molars (wisdom teeth) are the exception;
often do not appear until late teens or early 20s

Most common dental procedures:

1.Examination
2.Filling Procedure ( Composite & Amalgam)
3.Root Canal Procedure
4.Crown Procedure
5.Extraction Procedure

Dental Trays set up

Contents of trays are determined by dentist

Examination Kit Consists of:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Mirror
Probe (explorer)
Tweezers (college tweezers)
Periodontal Probe

Basic Kit ( examination kit)

1. Mouth mirror
a. Used to view areas of oral cavity, reflect
light on dark surfaces, and retract lips, and
so forth for better visibility
b. Available in various sizes and with plain or
magnifying ends

a. Used to examine the teeth, detect caries

2. c. Explorer
(
Probe)
May be single or double ended

Used to carry objects such as cotton pellets

or rolls to and from the mouth

3. Cotton pliers (college

tweezers)

4. Periodontal probes
a. Used to measure the depth of the gingival
sulcus (space between the tooth and free
gingiva)

Filling Kit consists of:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Excavator (spoon excavator)

Flat plastic ( plastic Instrument)
Plugger
Burnisher (ball ended burnisher)
Carver

3.Spoon Excavator
Used in the removal of tooth
debries and decayed dentin

Composite Filling Instruments

1. Flat Plastic Instrument
To

deliver materials to the

cavity preparation
To remove excess filling
material and ensure a
smooth margin between
restoration and tooth.

4. Plugger ( Condenser)

Used for condensing

and packing amalgam into
prepared cavity

2. Ball ended burnisher

To smooth dental
restoration

5. Carver

Used to carve or shape freshly placed

amalgam to restore tooth to natural anatomy

Handpieces
Fast

Straight-

Slow handpiece

Topical anaesthetic
used to numb the area before injection

Local anaesthetic (LA)

Composite Filling Materials

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Acid Etch
Cotton woll rolls
Bond
Composite capsule+gun
Paper pad
Curing light+shade
Shade guide
Dental floss
Celluloid strip

Cotton wool rolls

keeps the mouth open and retracts the cheek
absorbs surrounding saliva

Dry Guard
Saliva control - cheek

Composite materials:
1. Acid Etch

to roughen the surface of a tooth before

bonding a resin

Composite filling materials:

2.Primer (bond) + microbrush

is a single-component adhesive primer used

to enhance the bond strength

Composite Filling Materials:

3.Curing light+shade
a light which is designed to rapidly cure(dry) a
resin(filling material)

Composite Filling Materials:

Shade Guide
Used to determine the shade of teeth before filling
placement

Composite filling materials:

Celluloid strip

Composite filling materials:

mixing pad
Used to mix and place materials

Composite filling Materials:

Composite capsule and gun

Composite material

Composite filling materials:

Dental floss

Dental Filling Materials:

Articulating paper+forceps

For checking the bite

Basic kit(mirror, probe,tweezers)

Amalgam
Filling
Materials:
Filling kit(flat plastic,excavator,burnisher,plugger,
carver)
Local anaesthetic
Fast handpiece+slow handpiece
Rubber dam kit (punch, frame,clamp, forceps)
Matrix band
Wooden wedge
Amalgam capsule
Amalgam carrier
Dappen dish

Rubber dam Kit

Rubber Dam Kit

Frame

clamp forceps

Punch

Clamps

Matrix retainer and band

1)Retainer is used to hold band in place
2)Matrix band is short strip of steel or metal
3)Used to form a wall around a cavity so
amalgam can be packed into place
4)Plastic matrix strips are used with composite
restorative material

Matrix retainer and band

Matrix Retainer & Band Placement

Amalgamator

Amalgam capsules

Amalgam Capsule

Amalgam instruments
Amalgam Carrier:

Used to carry small masses of freshly

mixed amalgam to the cavity
preparation

Crown Preparation Procedure - 1 st Appointment

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Exam kit
Flat plastic
Local anaesthetic
Fast handpiece+ slow handpiece
Retraction cord
Impression trays (lower & upper)
Impression materials: alginate, light bodied material
Laboratory sheet
Shade guide
Temporary cement
Spatula +mixing pad

Crown Prep Appointment 1

Retraction Cord

Placed around the

gumline
Used during a crown
procedure-it eliminates
blood from surrounding
the tooth during the
preparation.

Impression Trays:

Putty- Impression Material

Putty Impression material mixing

Putty in tray

Light bodied material

Light body material is
syringed on tooth and
unset putty is seated in
a tray and then in
mouth

Putty + light bodied material

Place tray in patients mouth

Set impression material

Alginate Impression Material

Alginate impression:

Mixing Spatula

Alginate mixing bowl and scoop

Alginate Impression

Alginate impression
Measuring water cup

Alginate impression mixing

Alginate impression in tray

Set alginate impression

Temporary Crown

Temporary crown

Temporary cement for temporary

crown

Temporary crown placed

Crown Fitting Procedure:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Exam Kit
Mitchel trimmer
Flat plastic
Fast handpiece+slow handpiece
Articulating paper+forceps
Floss
Cement+spatula+mixing pad
Mirror

Crown Fitting: Appointment 2

Mitchell Trimmer used to remove the temporary crown

Crown Fit- App 2

Removal excess of cement

Extraction Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Basic kit
Topical anaesthetic
Local anaesthetic
Elevator
Forceps
Gauze

Extraction Forceps

Used to extract or remove teeth

Different ones each for specific tooth to be
extracted
Gauze

Fissure Sealant Procedure

a protective plastic coating, which is

applied to the biting surfaces of the back
teeth. The sealant forms a hard shield
that stops food and bacteria getting into
the tiny grooves in the teeth and causing
decay.

Fissure sealant instruments and

materials:

Basic kit
Prophy brush
Acid etch
Cotton wool rolls
Sealant
Curing ligh+shade

Fissure sealant procedure:

Root Canal Treatment- tray set up

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.

Basic kit
Filling kit
Local anaesthetic (if needed)
Rubber dam kit
Fast handpiece+slow handpiece
Motor handpiece
Root canal instruments: barbed broach, reamers,
files, spreader
Xray film and holder

Root canal Treatment tray set up

9. Irrigation syringe and hypochlorite
10. Paper points
11.Gutta percha points
12. Ruller
13. Tubiseal- root canal sealer
14. Warmer+finger plugger or lateral condenser
15 .Glass ionomer cement+ paper pad+spatula
16. Composite or amalgam

Root canal Treatment

Motor Handpiece

Barbed Broach

used to remove pulp tissue during endodontic treatment

Root canal files and reamers

Root files

Paper points-used to dry the canal

Gutta percha points-used for filling root

canals in conjunction with a cement, or paste.

Tubiseal-root canal sealer

Torch

Finger plugger

Gutta percha point is easily pushed in root canal by pushing

and pulling action.

Questions?