Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Disclaimer
The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or
supporting partner organisations.
Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and
the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the
suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to
the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided.
Direct costs
Indirect costs
Indirect costs, also called overheads, F&A and Facilities & Administrative
Costs, typically are costs of (EC 2009):
operating and maintaining buildings (electricity/gas/water bills),
grounds and equipment,
depreciation,
general and departmental administrative salaries and expenses
library costs.
Sources of Funding
Beneficiaries contribution
Sources of Funding
Government Budget
Ideally, funding for most of the actions in a water and sanitation projects
should come from the Governments own resources.
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Sources of Funding
Private Participation
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Sources of Funding
External Funding
The need for external funding arises when none of the above approaches would
be feasible.
Source: PHILIP et al 2008
However, it should always be kept in mind that tapping external sources usually
means financing for a limited period of time and according to the rules of an
external organisation. If the issue of long term financial viability has not been
taken into consideration:
many projects may collapse once the external finances are
no longer available!
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Sources of Funding
External Funding: International Donor Organisations
Some examples are
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Sources of Funding
External Funding: International Donor Organisations
Danish International Development Agency(DANIDA)
[http://www.danidadevforum. um.dk/en]
A key area for assistance is water and sanitation, with focus on ground water
based rural water supply systems.
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Sources of Funding
External Funding: International Donor Organisations
UK Department for International Development (DfID)
[http://www.dfid.gov.uk/]
DFIDs partners include members of the government, private sector, NGOs, civil
society and the research community. One of the priority areas is promoting
increased investment in clean water.
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Sources of Funding
External Funding: International Donor Organisations
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) [www.unicef.org]
UNICEF supports developing and implementing a range of replicable models for
water and sanitation sector.
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Sources of Funding
External Funding: Private Foundations
Ford Foundation [http://www.fordfound.org]
Focuses on rural development, including assisting efforts to improve the
management of both large-and small-scale irrigation facilities using pumped
groundwater.
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References
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2009): Guide to Financial Issues relating to FP7 Indirect Actions. Seventh Framework Programme.
URL: ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/docs/financialguide_en.pdf
[Accessed: 08.05.2010]
METHOD123 (2003): Project Management Guidebook. URL: www.method123.com. [Accessed: 20.05.2010]
NEBIU, B. (2002): Developing Skills of NGOs, Project Proposal Writing. Szentendre: The Regional Environmental Centre for
Central and Eastern Europe. URL: http://documents.rec.org/publications/ProposalWriting.pdf
[Accessed: 07.08.2010]
NETSSAF (2008): The NETSSAF Participatory Planning Approach. A Tutorial for Sustainable Sanitation. URL:
http://www.netssaftutorial.com [Accessed: 14.05.2010]
PHILIP, R., ANTON, B., BONJEAN, M., BROMLEY, J., COX, D., SMITS, S., SULLIVAN, C. A., VAN NIEKERK, K., CHONGUIA, E.,
MONGGAE, F., NYAGWAMBO, L., PULE, R., BERRAONDO LPEZ, M. (2008): Local Government and Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM) Part III: Engaging in IWRM Practical Steps and Tools for Local Governments. Freiburg: ICLEI European
Secretariat GmbH.
PPIAF PUBLIC-PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE ADVISORY FACILITY- (2010): What are Public-Private Partnerships. URL:
http://www.ppiaf.org [Accessed on 14.05.2010]
SONI, P. (2005): Solution Exchange for WES-NET India. WES-NET India -Water & Environmental Sanitation Network-. URL:
http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/environment/cr-public/cr-se-wes-29070501-public.pdf
[Accessed on 16.05.2010]
TRMOLET, S., PEREZ, E. and KOSLKY, P. (2007): WSP Sanitation Financing Study. Methodological Note. URL:
http://www.susana.org/images/documents/07-cap-dev/a-material-topic-wg/wg02/tremolet-et-al-2007a-methodologicalnote-sanitation-wsp-en.pdf
[Accessed on 16.05.2010]
Budget and Financial Issues
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SSWM is an initiative
supported by:
Compiled by:
Budget and Financial Issues
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