Ducting & Duct

Layout

System Pressure
Pt = Ps + Pv

Outlet Velocity of Fan = cfm / outlet area

Ps = Pt Pv
In a constant cross section area duct Pv is
constant .
Pv reduces along its length

System Pressure

Friction in a duct leads to loss of energy

Friction in a duct causes loss of Total Pressure
Velocity Pressure is small at the fan outlet

Conventionally Static Pressure in a duct is

used for design, but total pressure developed
is to be considered to calculate total
,mechanical energy to be supplied

Friction Loss
Ps : Is lost along the length of the duct
Pt = f D X ( cf4 X L/D ) X Pv
Pt = Friction Loss in inches
f D = Friction roughness based on Reynolds no. is 0.0005
for GI sheet duct with 40 joints per 100 feet
cf4 = Conversion factor = 12
L= Length of duct in feet ( say 100 feet )
D= Inside Duct diameter in inches

Friction Loss
Based on Air being incompressible &
density of air = 0.075 lbs/cu ft
Pt = f D X ( cf4 X L/D ) X Pv
With the above values and assumptions
becomes :
Pt = 0.0005 X (12 X 100 /D ) X Pv
( Friction Loss )

Friction Loss
Some values of f D

also designated as < ( epsilon )

Carbon Steel Sheet : 0.0005

Aluminium Sheet , 12jts/100ft : 0.0001
GI Sheet Contin Roll, 12 jts/100 ft : 0.0001
Spiral GI Duct rigid, 25 jts/100ft : 0.0003
FRP Duct : 0.003
FRP Liner : 0.003
Flex metal duct fully extnd : 0.01
Flex wire reinf fabric duct fully extnd : 0.01

Ducting & Duct Layout

Planning a Single Line Duct Layout
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Air qty per sq ft

Air distribution plan
Ceiling layout
Unit Location
Return Air

Ducting & Duct Layout

Design Criteria
1.
2.
3.
4.

Duct Velocity / Space Application

Outlet Velocity
Type of Duct / Disc with Architect
If Rectangular then Aspect Ratio
..\Duct Design Tutorial\Aspect Ratio vs Cost.pdf

Ducting & Duct Layout

Equal Friction Method
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Applied universally for Duct Design

Other Methods Velocity Method & Static
Regain Method
Charts of Friction vs Diameter
Equivalent Rectangular Size
Use of Ductulator

Ducting & Duct Layout

Ductulator Use
1. To make single line layout
2. Assign the air quantities on the layout
3. Understand the scales of Ductulator
4. Selecting correct Velocity
5. Fixing the friction Select initial duct
size
..\Duct Design Tutorial\Duct Tutorial pdf.pdf

DUCTSIZE.EXE

Ducting & Duct Layout

Plenum Design

duct system-modern referigeration.tif

1. Criteria & Sizing

Return Air Considerations
1. Use of RA Ducts / False ceiling / Boxing

Ducting & Duct Layout

GSS Duct Standards
1.
2.
3.
4.

IS Standard IS 655
SMACNA Standard
ISHRAE Standard
Commercial Standard

Duct General Standard.xls

Ducting & Duct Layout

Methods of Construction
1.
2.
3.
4.

Material of Construction
Fabrication methods
Supports / Bracing
Collar fixing & termination

Ducting & Duct Layout

Types of Ducting
1.
2.
3.
4.

Rectangular
Circular
Flexible
Prefabricated

Ducting & Duct Layout

Measurements
1. Perimeter & Length measurement

..\Sahara

India Duct Meas.xls

2.
3.
4.

Bends & Tapers

Recording measurements gauge-wise
Joint measurements and presentation
for billing

Ducting & Duct Layout

Duct Accessories
duct and system static.ppt

1.
2.
3.

Vanes
Dampers
Attenuators

Ducting & Duct Layout

Working Examples of Duct Design
1.
2.
3.
4.

Office Layout ..\SAHARA STUDIO.zip

Factory / Laboratory
Large Public Spaces
Under floor duct layout ..\Air Distrib\Underfloor.pdf

Ducting & Duct Layout

1. Conclusion
2.
3.
4.

Review
Planning for duct fabrication & Erection
Site planning & Management for
ducting
5. Coordination