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Geological Hazard Map

Earthquake Hazard Map

The top ten


provinces that are
most prone to
earthquakes are:
1. Surigao Del Sur
2. La Union
3. Benguet
4. Pangasinan
5. Pampanga
6. Tarlac
7. Ifugao
8. Davao Oriental
9. Nueva Vizcaya
10.Nueva Ecija

Surigao del Sur, along with Davao


Oriental, are located along the
Philippine Trench and because of
nearby active fault lines.
La Union and Pangasinan are on
Manila Trench,
Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, and
Benguet are generally along the
Philippine Fault Zone.

Tsunami Hazard Map


Tsunamis that are
locally generated are
more dangerous than
those
that
are
generated by foreign
or distant sources
because they may
reach a nearby shore
in few minutes.

Map of the Distribution of


Volcanoes

Landslides Hazard Map

Coping with Geological


Hazards

Earthquake
Before an Earthquake
Develop a disaster plan.
Practice "drop, cover, and hold on"
in the safe place.
Take training on first aid and learn
how to use a fire extinguisher.
Prepare an emergency supply kit. It
must include non-perishable food,
water, first aid kit, clothes, a batteryoperated radio, flashlights, and extra
batteries.

During an Earthquake
Wherever you are, take cover immediately.
If you are indoors, drop on the ground, take cover
under a sturdy thing like a table, and hold on
until the earthquake stops. Stay away from
windows, tall furniture, and light fixtures.
Shattered glass and heavy objects may hurt you.
If you are outdoors, go to an open area away
from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power
lines.
If you are in a vehicle, pull over to a safe place,
avoiding anything that can collapse. Stay inside
the vehicle with your seat belt fastened until the
shaking stops.

After an Earthquake
Check yourself for injuries.
Help injured or trapped persons if you can.
Be prepared for aftershocks.Aftershocksare smaller
earthquakes that follow the main earthquake and can cause
further damage to weakened buildings.
Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, and gasoline
immediately.
Open cabinet doors cautiously. Contents may have been
shifted during the shaking.
Listen to the radio or television for more information from
authorities.
Stay out of damaged buildings.
If you are in a coastal area, move to a higher ground. The
earthquake may trigger tsunamis.
If you are in a mountainous area or near unstable slopes, be
aware of landslide. Soil and rocks may be loosened by the
earthquake.

Volcanic eruption
Before a Volcanic Eruption
Prepare an emergency supply kit. It must
include non-perishable food, water, first aid kit,
clothes, a battery-operated radio, flashlights, and
extra batteries. Also, include masks and a pair of
goggles for each member of the family.
Make an emergency plan. Each member of the
family must know what to do and how to contact
one another when the disaster strikes.
Learn about your community's risk from hazards
of volcanic eruptions.
For government institutions, set-up an exclusion
zone around a volcano for safety and crowd
control. Anexclusion zoneis a location where

During a Volcanic Eruption


Follow the evacuation orders issued by government
officials and evacuate immediately to avoid flying
debris, hot gases, volcano blast, and lava flow.
Be aware of mudflows and lahar. The danger of
these hazards increases near tributaries. They can flow
faster than you can walk or run. Look upstream when
crossing a bridge and do not cross it when a mudflow is
approaching.
Use a dust mask or hold a damp cloth over your nose
and mouth to prevent inhaling volcanic gases. Also,
cover your skin to protect yourself from ashfall.
If you are unable to evacuate, remain indoors with
doors, windows, and ventilation closed until the ash
settles.
Listen to the radio for the latest emergency information.

After a Volcanic Eruption


Stay in the evacuation center until the
authorities say that it is safe to go back
home.
Help in cleaning and checking the
damages brought by volcanic eruption
hazards.
When cleaning ashes or mudflows at
home, use a dust mask to cover your nose
and mouth. Seek advice from the
authorities regarding the disposal of
volcanic ash in your community.

Landslide
Before a Landslide
Have your parents ask for a ground assessment of
your property.
Know the patterns of storm-water drainage near your
home. Note where runoff water converges, and avoid
these places during a storm.
Learn about the emergency response and evacuation
plans for your area during a landslide.
When you suspect imminent landslide danger, contact
the emergency response team of your community
immediately. Evacuate immediately and inform
neighbors who might be at risk.
Consider relocation if living in an area vulnerable to
landslides.

During a Landslide
Stay alert and awake. Many landslide fatalities occur
when people are sleeping.
Stay away from the path of any landslide hazards. If you
suspect imminent danger, evacuate immediately.
If caught in a rock fall and escape is not possible, roll into
a ball to protect your head.
After a Landslide
Stay away from the landslide area.
Listen to local radio for the latest emergency information.
Check for injured or trapped persons near the landslide,
without entering the area. Direct the rescuers to their
locations.
Replant the damaged ground as soon as possible to avoid
landslides in the future.

Human Activities That


Trigger Landslides

Human Activities that Trigger


Landslides
Clearcuttingis a method done by logging companies to cut
down every marketable tree from a selected area to harvest
timber. Deforestation or removal of trees that hold water and
topsoil may cause landslides.
Slash-and-burnorkainginsystem is a method that cuts down
and burns off the existing vegetation. It is a form of deforestation
because the land is converted to other uses.
Mining and quarrying operationsuse explosives in their
blasting techniques to break rocks and gather ore deposits. They
cause land areas to slide due to the vibrations from the blast.
Construction activitiessuch as building of roads and railways
may interfere or change the natural drainage of water. When
there is heavy rainfall or flood, water may then move to a
different path which may saturate slopes and cause landslides.

Ways to Lessen the Occurrence of Landslides

Instead of clearcutting,selective cuttingcan


be adopted by logging companies to allow old
trees to remain. This method cuts down mature
or inferior kind of trees to encourage the
growth of the remaining trees in the forest.
Do alley-cropping instead of slash-and-burn
method.Alley-croppingis a method of
simultaneously growing an agricultural crop
with a tree crop, retaining soil fertility.
Plant more trees with strong root structures
that hold the soil together.

The government must set mining rules based on the


evaluation of slope stability and landslide threat in the
mining areas. Mining companies must follow these rules.
In case of disobedience, temporary or permanent
suspension of mining operations must be implemented.
Avoid construction on steep slopes. As this is not
entirely possible, evaluation of the area for land
development should be performed by engineers and
geologists.
Construct proper drainage away from the slope to
control water accumulation and to avoid slope
instability.
During construction, do not add an unnecessary weight
of fill materials to avoid overloading. Also, check broken
or leaking pipes because oversaturation of soil with
water can trigger landslides.

Write something about the picture by answering the questions below.


Be descriptive.
What do you think was the reason why the landslide took place?
How did the people in that area contribute to the landslide?

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