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  • Shortness of Breath

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    paanar
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    Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, can be caused by issues with the heart, lungs, chest wall, or other parts of the body. Common causes include cardiac issues like mitral stenosis, lung diseases like COPD, chest trauma, and other conditions like thyroid problems or kidney disease. A patient's symptoms like wheezing, stridor, or crepitations can provide clues to diagnose specific conditions causing their shortness of breath. Doctors also consider how quickly the shortness of breath began to determine if the underlying cause is acute, subacute, or chronic. At the triage counter, patients are assessed and placed in green, yellow or red zones depending on severity to determine the urgency of treatment

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    Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, can be caused by issues with the heart, lungs, chest wall, or other parts of the body. Common causes include cardiac issues like mitral stenosis, lung diseases like COPD, chest trauma, and other conditions like thyroid problems or kidney disease. A patient's symptoms like wheezing, stridor, or crepitations can provide clues to diagnose specific conditions causing their shortness of breath. Doctors also consider how quickly the shortness of breath began to determine if the underlying cause is acute, subacute, or chronic. At the triage counter, patients are assessed and placed in green, yellow or red zones depending on severity to determine the urgency of treatment

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    55 vues12 pages

    Shortness of Breath

    Transféré par

    paanar
    Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, can be caused by issues with the heart, lungs, chest wall, or other parts of the body. Common causes include cardiac issues like mitral stenosis, lung diseases like COPD, chest trauma, and other conditions like thyroid problems or kidney disease. A patient's symptoms like wheezing, stridor, or crepitations can provide clues to diagnose specific conditions causing their shortness of breath. Doctors also consider how quickly the shortness of breath began to determine if the underlying cause is acute, subacute, or chronic. At the triage counter, patients are assessed and placed in green, yellow or red zones depending on severity to determine the urgency of treatment

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    sur 12

    SHORTNESS OF BREATH

    JOHNEY SAPIT
    ASSISTANT MEDICAL OFFICER
    EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
    QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL

    DEFINITION
    Unpleasant sensation of difficulty in
    breathing.
    An increase in breathing occurs normally
    during exercise and a high altitudes.
    Breathing is also increased at rest people
    with many illness,whether of the lungs or
    of the other parts of the body.

    Shortness of breath may be due to;


    Cardiac eg.mitral stenosis or left
    ventricular
    failure of any causes.
    Lung both airway and interstitial
    disease.
    Anatomical diseases of the chest wall,
    muscles or pluera.
    Trauma pneumothorax, haemothorax
    Others thyrotoxicosis, ketoacidosis,
    aspirin
    poisoning, anaemia,

    Emergency presentation
    Wheezing?
    Asthma
    COPD
    Heart failure
    Anaphylaxis

    Stridor? ( Upper airway obstruction )


    Foreign body or tumour
    Acute epiglottis
    Anaphylaxis
    Trauma, eg. Laryngeal fracture
    Creapitations?
    Heart failure
    Pneumonia
    Bronchiectasis
    Fibrosis

    Chest clear?
    Pulmonary embolism
    Hyperventilation
    Metabolic acidosis eg. DKA
    Shock ( may cause air hunger )
    Central causes
    Others
    Pneumothorax pain, increased
    resonance
    Plueral effusion stony dullness

    Speed of onset helps diagnosis;


    Acute
    Foreign body
    Pneumothorax
    Acute asthma
    Pulmonary embolus
    Acute pulmonary oedema

    Subacute
    Asthma
    Parenchymal disease - eg. alveolitis,
    effusions,
    pneumonia
    Chronic
    COPD and chronic parenchymal diseases
    Non-respiratory causes eg. Cardiac
    failure,
    anaemia

    How to decide patient at triage counter


    Green Zone
    - Acute
    exacerbation
    Bronchial asthma
    ( mild to
    moderate )
    - Hyperventiletion
    able to walk

    Yellow Zone
    - Dyspnoea < 25
    per min
    - Dyspnoea with
    saturation of
    >95%
    and respiration
    rate
    of 20 25 per
    min
    - Hyperventilation
    &
    unable to walk

    Red Zone
    - Dyspnoea of
    saturation < 95%
    and
    respiration of 25
    per min
    - Patient with
    airway
    compromise eg.
    gasping severe
    maxillofacial
    injuries
    & comatosed
    patient
    - Severe asthma &

    MX

    Assess severity and examine the chest


    * auscultation, percussion

    General measures
    * oxygen support may help if saturation is
    < 90%
    * chest x ray

    THANK YOU

    REFERRENCE

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