Application of

Trigonometry

Trigonometry
TRIGONOMETRY(FROM GREEK TRIGNON, "TRIANGLE" AND METRON, "MEASURE") IS A
BRANCH OF MATHEMATICS THAT STUDIES RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVING LENGTHS AND
ANGLES OF TRIANGLES. THE FIELD EMERGED IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD DURING THE
3RD CENTURY BC FROM APPLICATIONS OF GEOMETRY TO ASTRONOMICAL STUDIES.
THE TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF TRIGONOMETRY AREPLANE TRIGONOMETRYAND
SPHERICAL GEOMETRY. TRIGONOMETRY IN GENERAL DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF THE
RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVING THE LENGTHS OF ANGLES AND TRIANGLES.

trigonometric ratios

Thetrigonometric ratiosare special measurements of a

right triangle (a triangle with one angle measuring 90o).
Remember that the two sides of a right triangle which form
the right angle are called the legs, and the third side
(opposite the right angle) is called the hypotenuse.

There are 3 basictrigonometricfunctions: sine (sin), cosine

(cos), and tangent (tan). These functions determine certain
relationships between the angles in a right triangle and its
sides. ... The sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle
aredefined

Basic fundamentals

Angle of elevation

Theangle of elevationof an object as seen by an observer is

theanglebetween the horizontal and the line from the object to the
observer's eye (the line of sight).

Angle of depression
Angle

of depressionis
theanglebetweenthe
horizontalandthelineof
sighttoanobjectbeneath
thehorizontal.

Application of
Trigonometry
AMONGST THE LAY PUBLIC OF NON-MATHEMATICIANS AND NON-SCIENTISTS,
TRIGONOMETRY IS KNOWN CHIEFLY FOR ITS APPLICATION TO MEASUREMENT
PROBLEMS, YET IS ALSO OFTEN USED IN WAYS THAT ARE FAR MORE SUBTLE,
SUCH AS ITS PLACE IN THETHEORY OF MUSIC; STILL OTHER USES ARE MORE
TECHNICAL, SUCH AS INNUMBER THEORY. THE MATHEMATICAL TOPICS
OFFOURIER SERIESANDFOURIER TRANSFORMSRELY HEAVILY ON KNOWLEDGE
OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND FIND APPLICATION IN A NUMBER OF
AREAS, INCLUDINGSTATISTICS.

Scientific fields that make use

of trigonometry include:
acoustics,architecture,astronomy,cartography,civilengineering,geophysics,crystallography,electricalengineering,electronics,
landsurveyingandgeodesy,manyphysicalsciences,mechanicalengineering,machining,medicalimaging,number
theory,oceanography,optics,pharmacology,probabilitytheory,seismology,statistics,andvisualperception
Thatthesefieldsinvolvetrigonometrydoesnotmeanknowledgeoftrigonometryisneededinordertolearnanythingaboutthem.
Itdoesmeanthatsomethingsinthesefieldscannotbeunderstoodwithouttrigonometry.Forexample,aprofessorofmusicmay
perhapsknownothingofmathematics,butwouldprobablyknowthatPythagoraswastheearliestknowncontributortothemathematical
theoryofmusic.
Insomeofthefieldsofendeavorlistedaboveitiseasytoimaginehowtrigonometrycouldbeused.Forexample,innavigationandland
surveying,theoccasionsfortheuseoftrigonometryareinatleastsomecasessimpleenoughthattheycanbedescribedinabeginning
trigonometrytextbook.Inthecaseofmusictheory,theapplicationoftrigonometryisrelatedtoworkbegunbyPythagoras,who
observedthatthesoundsmadebypluckingtwostringsofdifferentlengthsareconsonantifbothlengthsaresmallintegermultiplesofa
commonlength.Theresemblancebetweentheshapeofavibratingstringandthegraphofthesinefunctionisnomerecoincidence.In
oceanography,theresemblancebetweentheshapesofsomeWAVESandthegraphofthesinefunctionisalsonotcoincidental.In
someotherfields,amongthemclimatology,biology,andeconomics,thereareseasonalperiodicities.Thestudyoftheseofteninvolves
theperiodicnatureofthesineandcosinefunction.

Solving non-trigonometric
equations

Various types ofequationscan be solved using trigonometry.

For example, alinear difference equationorlinear differential

equationwith constant coefficients has solutions expressed in terms of
theeigenvaluesof its characteristic equation; if some of the
eigenvalues arecomplex, the complex terms can be replaced by
trigonometric functions of real terms, showing that the dynamic
variable exhibitsoscillations.

Similarly,cubic equationswith three real solutions have analgebraic

solutionthat is unhelpful in that it contains cube roots of complex
numbers; again an alternative solution exists in terms of trigonometric
functions of real terms.

Other than in
mathematics
BESIDES OTHER FIELDS OF MATHEMATICS,TRIGIS USED IN PHYSICS, ENGINEERING,
AND CHEMISTRY. WITHIN MATHEMATICS,TRIGIS USED IN PRIMARILY IN CALCULUS
(WHICH IS PERHAPS ITS GREATESTAPPLICATION), LINEAR ALGEBRA, AND STATISTICS.

Thank you
Made by Bhawana
Class-10A