OPHTHALMOLOGY

DISEASES OF EYE
ILMU KESEHATAN MATA
Putu Budhiastra
Depth. Of Ophthalmology
School of Medicine
Udayana University
SANGLAH HOSPITAL

The eye is the window of the

human body through with it feels
its way and enjoys the beauty of
the World; it leads men to
different parts of the world, it
has measured the distances and
sizes of the stars
Leonardo da Vinci ( 1451-1519)

Normal sight

About 85 % information receive form

sight, and rest it from the other sense
organ. In this era information,
disturbance of vision will be reduce
absorb of information significantly.

( Dr Johan Hutauruk)

Thema
Block Visual System and
Disorders
Planner Team :
Coordinator : Dr. P. Budhiastra Sp.M.
(K)
Secretary : Dr. Ariesanti Tri H. Sp.M.
Members : Dr. Putu YuliawatiSp.M.
Dr. AA Mas Putra Sp.M
Time : 10 July 1 August 2013

LECTURES PLANNING
Introduction, Anatomy, Histology,
Physiology, Pharmacology
Eyelids & Lacrimal system
External Eye disease
Refraction and Contact lens
Eye Injury, Recontruction
Eye Tumor ( Oncology)
Glaucoma, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Strabismus (Squint)
Lens , Cataract & Refractive Surgery
Vitreo - Retina
Community Ophthalmology

Lectures / Block Team

1. Dr. Putu Budhiastra SpM (K).
2. Prof.Dr.N.K.Niti Susila SpM (K).
3. Dr. Nyoman Sunerti SpM
4. Dr. AAA Sukartini Dj SpM (K)
5. Dr. Wyn Gde Jayanegara SpM (K)
6. Dr. Md Agus Kusumadjaja SpM (K)
7. Dr. Gst Ngr Md Sugiana SpM
8. Dr. Cok Dewiyani P SpM
9. Dr. Ariesanti Tri Handayani SpM
10.Dr. AA Mas Putrawati T Sp.M.
11.Dr. Putu Yuliawati Sp.M.
12.Dr. Kompiang Rahayu SpM
13.Dr. Gst Ayu Juliari SpM
14.Dr. Eka Sutyawan SpM
15.Dr. Ari Andayani SpM
16.Prof. Dr. Dw Putu Sutjana,PFK. M.Erg.
17.Dr. Wayan Suarya PAK
18.Dr . Wayan Sumardika M.Med.Ed.
19.Dr. I.G.A. Dewi Ratnayanti.

The Visual System and disorders Block

Lecture
Independent Learning
SGD
Student Project
Plenary session
Case Study Presentation
Basic Clinical Skill / Practikum
Final Assessment

Basic Clinical Skill

Clinical Skill Anatomy
Monday,29-7-13

Clinical Skill Physiology,

Tuesday , 30 7 - 13

Clinical Skill Ophthalmology :

Wednesday - Tuesday : 24 7 12
sd 30-7-13

STUDENT PROJECT
DATE

SGD

TITLE

EVALUATOR

22/7/13

ESOTROPIA

ST

EXOTROPIA

ST

ULKUS KORNEA

PROF NS/AJ

ENDOFTALMITIS

PROF NS/AJ

CHORIORETINITIS

PB/AN

VITREOUS BLEEDING

PB/AN

SQUAMOUS CELL CA OF
THE EYELIDS

YL

BASALIOMA OF THE
EYELIDS

YL

RETINOBLASTOMA

ES

10

RETINOPATHY OF
PREMATURE

ES

23/7/13
24/7/13
25/7/13

26/7/13

CLASS A : 12.00-14.00

CLASS B: 10.00-12.00

Teaching Field for ophthalmic dept

Sanglah Hospital Denpasar

Indera Hospital Denpasar
Wangaya District Hospital
Tabanan District Hospital
Gianyar District Hospital

COMMON OCULAR SYMPTOMS

1.

ABNORMALITIES OF VISION
-Visual Loss:refraction error,organic disord.
- visual aberrations : floaters,doble,halo,diplopia
2. ABNORMALITIES OF APPEARANCE
-red eye,yellow,pale,pigment
-mass, edema, flesh (pterygium)
-squint,ptosis,proptosis
3. PAIN & DISCOMFORT
-eyepain (periocular,retrobulbar)
-eye irritation, itching , foreign body sensation
-foreign body sensation,burning,dryness
-watery,ocular secretion
Vaughan, Astbury : General Ophthalmology

BASIC EYE EXAMINATION

1. Visus acuity ( Visus )
2. Anterior Segment Examination
3. Ocular Motility
4. Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP)
5. Posterior Segment Examination
(Funduscopy)
Vaughan, Astbury : General Ophthalmology

Basic Eye Examination

Manual Diagnosis and Therapy, Deborah P.Langston (2002)

1. Anamnesis
2. Visus ( far, near and refraction)
3. Function of extraoculer muscle
4. Colour blindness test.
5. Anterior segment examination
6. Intraocular pressure
7. Funduscopy (Ophthalmoscopy)
8. Visual field testing
9. Other test according basic symtom and signs.

Other Ophthalmic Test

Tes Schimmer
Tes Anel
Tes Flouresin
Tes Sensibilitas kornea
Lensometer
Projeksi ilumination
Exoftalmometer Hertel
Keratometry
Retinometry
Ultrasonografi A , B scan
Gonioskopy
Pemeriksaan kedalaman bilik mata depan
Orbital Radiology : plain photo , CT Scan,
MRI,Tomografi
OCT , Ect

Some Ophthalmic Term

Visus : ability of sight
Refraction : Determination of refractive errors of the

eye and correction by glasses

Refractive error (Ametropia): An optical defect that
prevents light rays from being brought to single focus
on the retina.
Cataract : an opacity of the lens
Glaucoma : disease of eye by high intraocular
pressure with loss of visual field and excavation of
optic papil
Blindness : visus less than 3/60 in better eye
Binocular vision : Ability of the eyes to focus on one
object and then to fuse two images into one.

Anatomy of eyeball

Mechanism of Visus

1. Visus ( visual acuity )

Snellen chart
Electrical,
projection, paper
6/6 = 1.0

Rays in eye

Snellen

Trial lens & frame

Refraction
Subjektif
Autorefraksi
Streak Retinoskopi
Funduskopi

Objektif
Trial and error
Fogging technik
Cross cylinder

2. Anterior segment examination

With :
1.Loup binoculer
2.Flash light
3.Slit Lamp

Loup and slit lamp

Slit Lamp

Anterior Segment
Clear cornea
Pupil normal
Lens opacity

3. Ocular motility

Examination of eyelid,
conjunctiva, cornea,
iris, pupil, lens
Ocular motility

Ocular Motility
There are 4 rectus musc (sup,med,lat,inf)
2 oblique musc ( sup & inf)
6 eye movement (cardinal sign)

sup-med
sup-lat
lateral
inf-lat
inf- med
medial

4.Intra Ocular pressure exam.

Schiotz

Applanation

Tonometri Schiotz

5.Fundus examination
Direct

Indirect

Funduscopy

Funduscopy (retina)

Abnormal retina

Fluoresine test pada kornea

Campimetri / Perimetri

Ishihara book

Loup, test of cornea sensibility

USG A-scan ( Biometri)

Laser machine and op. microscope