Commercial Production

of Native Chicken
RENE C. SANTIAGO, DVM, MSc
Bureau of Animal Industry
NATIONAL SWINE AND POULTRY RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
Lagalag Tiaong, Quezon
(042)585-7727
bai_nsprdc@yahoo.com
renecsantiago@yahoo.com

Summary
Native chicken industry
Potential of raising native chicken
Breeding Techniques
Feeding and nutrition
Management Practices

Native Chicken Industry in

the Philippines 2011
Total Population
% in total chicken population

77. 12 million
46.56 percent

Three Major Producer

Western Visayas

9.98 M

Central Visayas

6.91 M

Southern Tagalog

6.29 M

Potential of Raising Native Chicken

High demand for
meat and egg
growers @ P120-150 per
kg lwt.
Egg sell @ P 5-7 per pc.
Rosario, Batangas Friday
am, and local market
Restaurant selling local
dishes (tinola, inasal etc.)

Potential of Raising Native Chicken

Naturally/Organically
grown
Fed with local grains and
grasses/forages
raised in range
Hardy/resistant to some
diseases
Good/natural taste
Improved soil fertility

Potential of Native Chicken

Breeding and Selection
can increase egg and
meat production
with-in breed selection
From 40 to 150 eggs per
year/head
From 6 to 4 mos market
age (1.5 kgs)
Use of artificial incubator

Potential of Native Chicken

Marketing strategy
Selling of day old
chicks
Selling of live growers
Dressed ,frozen,
chilled native chicken
Value
adding/processing/tino
la , adobo cuts

Reasons for keeping native chicken

For meat and egg
Own
consumption
Source of income
For greeting
visitor

Reasons for keeping native chicken

Other purpose

Adaptability to local condition

Good taste/organic foods
Resistant to common diseases/hardiness
Can look for their foods/ability to utilize farm by
products
Low inputs/foragers
Improved soil fertility
Easy to raise/keep
Provide sanitation/recycling waste
For healing rituals
Hobby, pets, paying depts., etc

Characteristics of Native Chicken

Average bodyweight

1.2 to 2.0kg

Age at first lay of egg

18-20 weeks

Average size of egg

40-45 grams

1 year egg production

40- 100 eggs

Breeds and Breeding

BANABA: BATANGAS
Yellow-red plumage
Black wing and tail
feathers
Single comb and red
earlobes
Shank are slate in
colored
Mature weight:
M 1.7- 2.0 kg
F 1.5-2.0 kg

Paraoakan: Palawan
Black in color
Tail is black with
some white feathers
at the base
Long-legged, stands
upright, with yellow to
gray shank
Rose comb with bright
red earlobes
Mature weight:
M 2- 2.5 kg
F 1.8-2 kg

Basilan: Mindanao
Also called Joloano
Black and red colors
Heavy breeds
Use as fighting cocks
Some features are
similar to Paraoakan

Darag: Panay Island

Darag native chicken is the
native chicken strain local to
Western Visayas.
delicacies like litson manok,
binakol ang tinuom.
WVSU lead agency
Conducts dispersal activities

BREEDING
Selection of Good Breeders
Rooster
Healthy, active/aggressive
Fast grower/big among the
group
4-7 months old
good body conformation
Red comb no blemish
Clean/Shiny feathers

Hen
Healthy, active
Good laying ability
15 eggs and up
before brood
Comb: big, red,
soft/shiny
Cloaca: big, clean

Rooster to Hen Ratio

1:7

How to Increase egg

Production of native chicken?

Good Breeding and Selection

Program!?......

How to Increase egg

Production of native chicken?
Some technique.
-

Collection of eggs daily

By batch setting of egg
Bathing/isolation of hen after hatching
Use of Artificial Incubation
Bathing/isolation of hen at the start of brooding

Types of
Incubation
Natural
Advantages
Easy/no labor
Low/no cost
High % of hatchability
Much healthy chicks
Disadvantages
Not suited for mass production
Hindrance for production
Egg become dirty/contaminated
Less egg/chicks per batch

Artificial
Advantages
mass production
Maximize the potential of breeders
Uniform/schedule of hatching
Disadvantages
Labor intensive
High capital investment
(unit/housing)
Less % of hatchability
Prone to mechanical breakdown
Untrained personnel

By batch Hatching of egg

Collection of eggs in daily basis
Leave 1 or 2 eggs in the nest
Store egg in cool dry place
Select only eggs with 40 to 50 grams
Clean, No breakage
Maximum storage is 10 days
When hen start brooding set 12 to 15 eggs
Incubation period 21 days
After hatching separate DOC

Use of Artificial Incubator

Collection of eggs in daily basis
Store in cool dry place
Select only egg with 40 to 50 grams
Clean, No breakage
Maximum storage is 10 days
Incubation period 18 days
Hatching period 3 days
Incubator temperature 99.5 F
Relative humidity of 60%

FEEDING AND NUTRITION

Feeding Practices
Use locally available feed resources,

Corn/Palay
Rice bran/Copra meal/cassava
Kitchen leftover
Scrap vegetables, fruits
Grasses/legumes
Worms/insect/termites

Local Feed Resources

Scrap vegetables

Trichantera
spp./Madre de Agua

Arachis
spp/peanut

malungay

Corn/palay

Feeding Practices
For Chicks
Commercial Starter feeds
From 0- 4 weeks of age
For Growers
At 5 weeks gradually reduced the commercial feeds
using the ordinary/local feeds and grasses, legumes
For Layers
A mixture of 25% rice bran, 25% corn, 25% copra meal
and 25% laying mash feeds
Provide range with grasses to have access to other
nutrients

Native chicken house

Housing

Shed with range/growers/breeders

Ladder /nest

Rotational grazing
area

Housing

Management Practices

Present System of Production

I. Scavenge-based system
Low inputs
Freely and scavenge
for their foods
Housing not provided/trees
Some give supplementary
feeding, depends on
availability

Present System of Production

II. Free-range system
- provided with feeds (palay, corn,
some feeds) appxt. 25% of feed
requirements
- housing is provided

- grasses and
legumes in range
- feeds/concentrate

Artificial Brooding
Heat source
Kerosene lamp, with welded
wire around
Electric bulb/incandescent
bulb, 1 watt is good for 1 chick

Made of bamboo and

lumber, GI sheet, and
welded wire
One sqm. brooder cage per
35 t0 40 heads of DOC for
one month are
recommended

Brooder Cages

Brooder Cages
Indication of brooding temperature

Brooding
Clean disinfect 1 week
before expected
hatching
Heater are tested 1-2
days before hatching
cover the top to
maintain the required
heat
News paper can be use
as feeder till 5 to 7 days
Provide drinkers and
feeders

Commercial chick starter

feeds
(ave. 15
grams/hd /day for 1 mos.
Adequate floor space
Brooder mats
(newspaper) 0-7 days
Anti stress drugs in water
during first week of age
Vaccination program
New Castle Diseaseintra ocular 9 day old

Hardening Period
After 1 month transfer into
hardening cage with range
Hardening cages is 0.15
sqm per bird
Allow the chicks to access
to some grasses and
legumes
Practice same age per
cages to prevent the
cannibalism or fighting
Protect them against
predators

Growing Practices
2 -4 months old in free range
system with 0.50 1 sqm range
per bird
Free-range system
A shed type shelter made of
bamboo, woods and surrounded
by fish net will protect them
against predator and bad
weather
Practice same age per cages to
prevent the cannibalism or
fighting

Health Program
Provide clean and comfortable housing
Maintain cleanliness and good sanitation
in the farm
Ensure that feeders, waterers other
equipment are clean
Provide enough nutrient/feeds to maintain
the condition of the birds and increase
resistant against diseases

Health Program
Vaccination against common diseases

Avian Pest (NCD) (B1B1) : 9 days old intra-ocular

Avian Pest (NCD) (B1 La sota) : 30 days old intra
ocular
3 mos and every 6
months
Fowl Pox:
2 months old wing web
4 months old

Isolate/separate sick and weak birds

Buried/burning of dead birds

Simple economic calculation 100 hds.

Native chicken grower
Cost and Return

DOC

Quantity

Unit
Total
Amount/ Amount/P
P

100hds

25.00 2,500.0
0

Starter

30 kg

25.00

Palay/corn/etc.

300kg

15.00 4,500.0
0

Medicine/misc.

774.00

Expenses
Sales/1.5 kg lwt./hd

750.00

8,524.0
0
80hds

225.00 18,000.
00

Thank You

The End