RLE 1

LOCQUAIO
LOPEZ, B
LOPEZ, J
LUCAS
MABALOT
MACUJA
MADJID, A
MADJID, D
MADJID, Z

ACTION: INHIBITS PROTEIN

SYNTHESIS
*Macrolides
*Chloramphenicol
*Tetracycline
*Aminoglycosides

MACROLIDES
Drugs

Uses

Side effects/
Adverse
reactions

Nursing
responsibility

azithromycin

Treat gram-negative
and gram-positive
organisms
For patient who are
allergic to penicillin
Treat upper
respiratory tract
infections, gonorrhea
and skin infections

Abdominal pain

Monitor elderly
patients closely for
arrhythmias
because they are
more susceptible to
drug effect on the
QT interval.

clarithromycin

For upper and lower

respiratory tract
infections, Helicobacter
pylori and
mycobacterial species,
and gram-positive and
gram-negative
organisms.

Headache,
dizziness, allergic
reaction (rare)
Steven Johnson
syndrome

Altered taste
(metallic), abdominal
pain
Headache,
dyspepsia (rare)

Use cautiously in
patients with hepatic
or renal dysfunction
not associated with
prior use of
azithromycin.
Monitor bowel
elimination.

MACROLIDES (cont.)
Drug

Uses

Side effects/
Adverse
reactions

Nursing
responsibility

erythromin
-erythromycin
base
-erythromycin
stearate
-erythromycin
IV

For moderate to
severe infections

Bloody stools,
stomach pains, change
in amount of urine
produced, dark urine,
arrythmias, ototoxicity,
liver problems,
eosinophilia, acute
pancreatitis

Monitor vital signs,

Pain and venous

irritation after IV
injection

Drug should not be

dissolved in solution that
contains preservative.

Pneumococcal
pneumonia, acute pelvic
inflammatory disease,
intestinal amebiasis,
Legionnaires disease,
chlamydial infections
Treats gonorrhea and
chlamydia for allergic
patients of penicillin

urine output, bowel

elimination, laboratory
values and side effects
of abnormal heart
rhythm , liver problems
and hearing loss

Drug

Uses

Side effects/
Adverse
reactions

Nursing
responsibility

chloramphenicol

Effective against
S.typhi, H.
influenza, E.coli,
Neisseria spp., S.
aureus,
Streptococcus
spp.

Gray syndrome
(premature infants
and neonates),
includes abdominal
distention, pallid
cyanosis, and
vasomotor collapse

Advise NOT to
use
chloramphenicol:

Blood dyscrasias
(reductions in blood
cells), leading to
plastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia
and
granulocytopenia

If has low WBC

or RBC count or
decreased blood
platelets

For neonate
and infant patients

If taking other
medicines that
may decrease
bone marrow (eg,
cancer
chemotherapy)

TETRACYCLINE
Drug

Uses

Side effect/
Adverse
reactions

Nursing
responsibility

tetracycline

Treat bacterial
infections, including
pneumonia and other
respiratory tract
infections; acne;
infections of skin, genital
and urinary systems;
rickettsial diseases and
the infection that causes
stomach ulcers
(Helicobacter pylori).

Permanent tooth
discoloration

Do not administer to

Acne
Malaria

Sun burn
(sun sensitivity),
painful swallowing,
change in the
amount of urine
Intracranial
hypertension

doxycline
hyclate

Diarrhea
(suprainfection)
Photosensitivity

pregnant women or
children under the age
of 8 to avoid tooth
discoloration.
Monitor carefully for
diarrhea, as this may
indicate suprainfection
of bowel (C.difficile).

Report sudden onset

of painful or difficulty
swallowing promptly to
physician (high
incidence of
esophagitis)

AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Drug

Uses

gentamicin

To treat serious
infections caused
by gram-negative
organisms
To treat pelvic
inflammatory
disease
Effective against
methicillinresistant
Staphylococcus
aureus infections

Side effect/
Adverse
reactions

Nursing
responsibility

Neurotoxicity,
nephrotoxicity,
leukomoid reaction,
hemolytic anemia,
aplastic anemia,
hepatotoxicity

Tests of renal
function, audiograms,
and vestibular tests.
Perform periodic
serum creatinine test,
BUN, and complete
urinalysis.
Monitor S&S of
ototoxicity, indicators
of declining renal
function; respiratory
tract infections and
other symptoms
indicative of
superinfections and
notify physician should
they occur.

AMINOGLYCOSIDES (cont.)
Drug

Uses

streptomycin Treatment
of
tuberculosis
and other
mycobacterial
infections

tobramycin

Treatment of
infections
caused by
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa

Side effects/
Adverse
reactions

Nursing responsibility

Hearing impairment
(ototoxicity), includes
hearing loss, feeling of
ear fullness, dizziness

Careful monitoring of serum

drug levels, patient's renal
function, as well as hearing
evaluation.

Identify high-risk patients

(elderly, patient with renal
insufficiency, px with
preexisting hearing
problems, px with history of
ototoxicity, and receiving
ototoxic or nephrotoxic
meds) and select alternative
antibiotics for them.

Kidney toxicity
(nephotoxicity), includes
decreased urination

AZITHROMYCIN