Transformer

Selection
1

Transformer

Transformer selection
Type:
Oil-immersed type transformer - A transformer of
which the magnetic circuit and windings are immersed
in oil
Dry-type transformer
A transformer of which the magnetic circuit and
windings are not immersed in an insulating liquid but
encased in solid insulating material say resin
Capacity -The real power requirement and reactive
power requirement of Unit Auxiliaries Transformers are
usually subtracted directly from the gross generator
MVA capacity to obtain Unit Transformer capacity.
SUT = (SGen - expected load of Unit Auxiliaries)
efficiency of transformer
Principle of transformer capacity selection It should
not limit the generator capacity. The rating is the output
2
after the transformer losses.

Transformer Ratings

Rated quantities:
Rated voltage of a winding (Ur)
Rated voltage ratio
Rated power (Sr)
Rated current (Ir)
Tappings Principal tapping: the tapping to which the rated quantities are related.

Insulation level of windings

Sr

Ir
Vector Group:
3 U r
Selection of the number of transformers
The selection of no. of transformers mainly depends upon the
cost of 1-ph or 3-ph, no. of spare unit required, and
transportation limit.
3

Vector Group

The vector group shows the connection of the

phases of two windings of a transformer and
the numerical index (hour number) for the
phase displacement of the vectors of the two
star voltages.
The capital letters apply to the high voltage
winding (H.V.) and the small letters to the low
voltage winding (L.V.).
The numerical index shows by what multiple
of 30 the low voltage vector lags (anticlockwise rotation of vectors behind the high
voltage vector with the corresponding terminal
designation). And capital or small N is used to
denote whether H.V. or L. V. side is effectively
earthed.
In general practice, power transformer
connections are such that the high voltage
phasor quantities lead the low voltage side.
The vector group being used in general
practices is YNd1 and YNd5.
And to meet the general convention as
expressed above, YNd1 or YNd5 is used for
power transformer

Sample ratings

Major Specifications of Unit Transformer (example)

Rated Power:
31 500 kVA
No. of Phases:
3
Tapping Range:
5 % (Principal Tapping 11/138 kV)
Operation of Tapping:
OFF Circuit
Winding
Tapping Position
Voltage(kV) Current(A)
Impedance Voltage
HV
1
144.90 125.5
Not to exceed 10.5 % for maximum tapping
2
141.45 128.6
.
3
138.00 131.8
.
.
4
134.55 135.2
5
131.10 138.7
LV
1
11
653.3
Vector diagram;
: YNd5
Cooling Method:
: ONAN
Ambient Temperature:
: 40C
Temperature Rise Oil / Winding
: 60 / 65 K
Service
: Continuous
Frequency
: 50 Hz
Bushing CTs
: Neutral 5P20