Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Objectives:
Students will be able to:
define what academic writing is.
identify topic sentences for a variety of
paragraphs.
write topic sentences.
identify and use rules of capitalization.
WHAT IS ACADEMIC
WRITING?
Watch Jennifer Brights video on Academic
Writing:
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5Qe1i9BGnM
Summarise the information in the video in a
graphic organiser.
Spokepeople report their findings.
WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH?
A paragraph is a group of related
sentences that develop a main
thought, or idea, about a single
topic.
In terms of format, a paragraph
shows NO BLANK SPACES between
sentences.
PARAGRAPH: ITS
STRUCTURE
A paragraph has three major structural
parts:
1. A topic sentence
2. Supporting sentences
3. A concluding or re-statement sentence
1. TOPIC SENTENCE
The topic sentence tells the reader
what the paragraph is going to be
about.
TIP: If you have a question for paragraph
writing, your topic sentence will be the
ANSWER to that question.
Example
QUESTION:
Regarding the Peruvian society, do you think that it
belongs more to a high or a low masculinity
dimension?
1. TOPIC SENTENCE
It helps you keep your writing under
control. This is why a topic sentence is
sometimes called the "controlling idea"
of a paragraph.
http://www.hostos.cuny.edu/oaa/act/ACTtransformreasons.htm
1. 1 BRIDGE SENTENCE
With the bridge sentence you clearly
show your reader the number of
points/reasons/arguments that you will
use to support your point of
view/position.
In other words, you show how the
paragraph will be structured.
1. 1 BRIDGE SENTENCE
2. SUPPORTING SENTENCES
They explain the topic sentence by giving
reasons, examples, and explanations
through quotations, factual information e.g.
statistics, etc.
TIP: Keep at least 2 sentences per supporting
point: Reason 1 + Example/Explanation 1.
Example
2. SUPPORTING SENTENCES
Regarding the Peruvian society, do you think that it belongs more
to a high or a low masculinity dimension?
I think the Peruvian society belongs to a high masculinity
dimension. I will support my view with the following two reasons.
Firstly, it is common practice that Peruvian men tend to stress facts and
not rely on emotions. For instance, this tendency is clearly seen in
everyday activities such as assertiveness in car-driving or toughness for
some physical jobs which women may take towards the more emotional
side. My second reason falls into the field of family structure.
Definitely, Peruvian men do feel pleasure in being the breadwinners and keeping the traditional structure in which the father is
the one who imposes respect to the rest of the family members or
has the last word when it comes to taking an important family
decision.
3. CONCLUDING or RE-STATEMENT
SENTENCE
It briefly re-states the main points presented
by referring back to the Topic Sentence.
TIP: Paraphrase the Topic Sentence, i.e. use
synonyms where possible.
Example
3. CONCLUDING or RE-STATEMENT
SENTENCE
Regarding the Peruvian society, do you think that it belongs
more to a high or a low masculinity dimension?
I think the Peruvian society belongs to a high masculinity
dimension. I will support my view with the following two
reasons. Firstly, it is common practice that Peruvian men tend to
stress facts and not rely on emotions. For instance, this tendency is
clearly seen in everyday activities such as assertiveness in cardriving or toughness for some physical jobs which women may take
towards the more emotional side. My second reason falls into the
field of family structure. Definitely, Peruvian men do feel
pleasure in being the bread-winners and keeping the traditional
structure in which the father is the one who imposes respect to
the rest of the family members or has the last word when it
comes to taking an important family decision. All in all, Peru is
a society which still embraces a high masculinity role for the
reasons supported above.
Examples of CONNECTORS
CONNECTORS
first... second... third...
generally... furthermore... finally
in the first place, next, then, after, last(ly)
To introduce an
example
or illustration
Additional
Support or
Evidence
Conclusion /
restatement
Expressing an opinion:
Alternatives for the so
common I think
In my opinion,
From my point of view,
As I see it,
In my view,
As far as I am concerned,
It seems to me that
I (strongly) believe that
QUESTION 1:
The mental models discipline states that
through reflective enquiry an organisation can
become more open and transparent. Do you
agree with it? If so, think of 2 reasons.
QUESTION 2:
The personal mastery discipline states that
through perceptual positions leaders can
increase the quality of interaction. Do you
agree with it?
QUESTION 3:
The team-learning discipline states that
through action-learning cycles teams of
employees can share experience and
knowledge to develop critical reflection skills.
Do you agree with it? If so, think of 2 reasons.
QUESTION 4:
The systems-thinking discipline states that
through the use of systems-thinking maps and
feedback leaders can analyse situations with a
long-term aim to facilitate change . Do you
agree with it?
QUESTION 5:
Do you agree that leaders in learning
organisations can constantly innovate by
expanding the five disciplines?
If so, think of 2 reasons.
CLASSWORK
Now choose one TS and write a complete
paragraph.
Include a variety of connectors
Avenue?
Some of the best stores are on
Street.
7.Broadway
Capitalize
names of political
divisions (continents, regions,
countries, states, counties, cities
and
towns).architects had been to
The Chinese
Montreal before they travelled to
Chicago, Illinois. However, they had
never been to South America before,
so once they visited Peru, they fell in
love with its culture.
Rocky Mountains
Lake Ontario
- Regions:
the Midwest the South
the Middle
East
- Organizations:
American Red Cross
Peace Corps
- Buildings:
Empire State Building Dunbar High
School
- Works of engineering:
Hoover Dam
Great Wall of
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
house.
melanie and i will do the job.
he was born on january 1, 1951.
this class will meet on tuesday and
thursday.
if you want to go fishing, said
uncle Bill, be here at four o'
clock.
the doctor was a native of mexico.
the name of the book is the old
man and the sea.
1.
2.
3.
4.