WATER

By
Dewi Yuliani

97.6% salt water

0.8% ground water

1.5 % Glacier/ice/snow
0.1 %surface water

http://www.alkalineionizedwater.org/al
kaline-water-vs-alkaline-ionized-water/

http://articlesofhealth.blogspot.com/20

What does
water do
for you?

http://drjockers.com/asthma-

Lesson Description
Physical and chemical
properties of water
Interaction in water
Buffer

The Most Popular Molecule in the

World

Water Structure

Water Structure

Van der Waals Interaction

Water Structure
Oxygen :
strongly
electronegativ
e

Hydrogen
Weak
electronegative

Hydrogen
Weak
electronegative

Water Structure
Hydrogen bond
0.177 A

+
+

Hydrogen Bond Donor and

Acceptor

Water Structure

Water Structure

Properties of water

COHESION

Water is attracted
to water

ADHESION

Water is attracted to
other substances

CAPILLARY
ACTION

If we are to understand life, we must

know something about noncovalent
interactions.
We must know how such interactions
behave in an aqueous environment, for
Weak
an aqueous
everyinteractions
cell in everyinorganism
on earth
environment
Hydrogen Bonds
Electrostatic Interaction
Van der Waals Interaction
Hydrophobic Interaction

Bonding Energy
The covalent bonds
most important in
biology (C-H, C-C) have
bond energies in the
range of 200-800
kJ/mol.
Biologically important
noncovalent bonds are
10 to 100 times
weaker, < 30 kJ/mol.
It is their weakness
that makes
noncovalent bond so

Bonding Energy
NonCovalentinteractionsr
equiremore
energyforsmallcompared
toCovalentbonds.
NonCovalentinteractionsn
ecessarytokeepthethree
dimensionalstructure
ofmacromoleculesandto
stabilizethe
associationbetweenspecific
macromolecules.

Interaction with water

Interaction with water

Carboxyl group

Alanine
Amino group

Interaction with water

Interaction with Water

SOLVATIO
N
(HYDRATI
ON)

Interaction with Water

SOLVATIO
N
(HYDRATI
ON)

Interaction water and Ionic

Compound
Electrostatic interaction

SOLVATIO
N
(HYDRATI
ON)

Electrostatic interaction
In Biochemistry, Electrostatic
Interaction = Charge-Charge
Interaction

Electrostatic
interactions between
opposite charges.
Stronger than H
bond
Can extent distance
greater than other
non covalent

Electrostatic interaction

Salt
bridge/ion
pair

Electrostatic interaction

Electrostatic interaction

Electrostatic interaction

Interaction of Water Molecule with

Solute

e hydrogen bond formation

Electrostatic interaction

Molecularinteractionsof water withdissolveddisrupthydrogen bonds

betweenwater, butthe disorderiscompensated bythe formation ofhydrogen
bondswith
the
newsolubeorbyformation
ofeletrostatic
interactionsbetweenionsandwatermolecules.

Solvation/Hydration
Driving force on solvation
processes
H (Enthalpy) H2O
S (Entropy) H2O
Thermodynamic perspective
following this equation:
G = H - T S

Van der Waals Interaction

Permanent dipoles
(stable)
Inducible dipoles

Van der Waals Interaction

Van der Waals Interaction

Attraction between
stable or inducible
dipoles
Only works at very
short, optimal distance
Much
weaker
than
other
dipole
interactions, but large
numbers
of
interactions add up to
significant stabilizing
force in biomolecules

Hydrophobic Interaction

S>0

Interaction of Water and Non-polar Molecule

Interaction of Water and Non-polar Molecule

Disturbanceofnonpolarmolecule
toward.Breakingdownofhydrogen
bondisnotcompensatedwithnew
bonds.WaterincreasesinteractiveofH
bondinthenonpolarenvironments,so
H<0.

Dissolvingofnonpolarmoleculeswill
decreaseentropy(S<0)waterinthe
non-polarenvironmentwillmaximize
hydrogenbondlikeicestructure.This
structureiscalledclathrate.

Interaction of Water and

Amphipathic Molecule

Micelle
Formation
Driving force of micelle formation
is water entropy. Water entropy is
the primary reason of formation
hydrophobic infention.

Increasing water entropy force interaction

between enzyme and susbtrate

Multiple noncovalent bonds can

confer binding specificity

Multiple noncovalent bonds can

confer binding specificity

Water as Reactant

Isotonic, Hypertonic, and hypotonic

BUFFER
What is the function?

Buffer keep the

cellular
environment stable

Water is ionizable
As a result of its polarity, water is ionizable

Electronegative
oxygen withdraws
electron density
from hydrogen

Water is ionizable
As a result of its polarity, water is ionizable
Covalent
Bond

Hydrogen
Bond

Water is ionizable
As a result of its polarity, water is ionizable
Hydrogen
Bond

Covalentlike Bond

Water is ionizable
As a result of its polarity, water is ionizable

Hydroxide ion
(-OH)

Hydrogen
Bond

Covalentlike Bond

+
Hydronium ion
(H3O+)
Abbreviated
Hydrogen ion, H+

Water is ionizable
As a result of its polarity, water is ionizable
Hydrogen
Bond

Covalentlike Bond

Water Autoionization
Water ionization is quantitative predictable

Ka =

Kw = [H+][OH-] = 10-14
0.1
Neutrality [H+]= [OH-] = 10-7
Mmicromolar
Water can ionize to a slight extent (10-7 M - about 6
molecules per 100 million of pure water) to form H +
(proton) and OH- (hydroxide ion).

Water Autoionization

Water Autoionization
H2O + H2O H3O+ + -OH
To measure proton
concentration of a solution
pH
pH = -log [H+] = 7
pOH = -log [-OH] = 7
pH + pOH = 14

BASE

ACID

Acceptor
proton (H+)

Donor proton
(H+)

Weak
StrongBase
Acid
Strong
Weak
Acid
Base

Weak
StrongBase
Acid
Strong
Weak
Acid
Base

Weak acids help to keep the H+ concentration (and

thus the pH) of the solution they are in relatively
constant.

Why do we care about pH ?

Handerson-Hasselbalch
It is useful to be able to predict the response of
the HAc system to changes in H+ concentration.
The Henderson-Hasselbalch
pH = pKa + log ([Ac-]/[HAc])
The Ka is the acid dissociation constant and is a
measure of the strength of an acid
HA <=> H+ + A-,
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]

The stronger the acid, the more protons that will

dissociate from it and the larger the value its Ka
will have.

Why we care about buffer?